Cells Flashcards
Prokaryotic Organisms
bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Organisms
Everything else, fungi, plants, animals, protists
Prokaryotic Features
No nucleus, genetic material floats in cytoplasm called the nucleoid region, organelle (ribosomes) are not membrane bound, DNA/Chromosomes are in circular formations
Eukaryotic Cell Features
Membrane Bound Organelles, nucleus, and their ribosomes are also not membrane bound
Nucleus
Where genetic info is stored. Surrounded by membrane (nuclear envelope) which is double layered and perforated by pores which traverse both membranes
Ribosomes
Float in cytoplasm near rough ER, organelles through which mRNA is threaded to build proteins
Rough ER
Coated with ribosomes, assists in production of proteins leaving the cell (antibodies, digestive enzymes etc)
Smooth ER
Has enzymes that synthesize lipids (ex: hormones), and enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons
Golgi Complex
Helps with packaging products to leave cell (ex: lipid and protein products), makes modifications to them chemically as well
Lysosome
Breaks down and digests large molecules and toxins by wrapping its vesicles around foreign bodies. Will fuse with broken down organelles and recycle them.
Cytoskeleton
Gives Cell Shape, anchors organelles in place, involved in cell movement
Cytoplasm
Fluid in and around cells
Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane, the membrane structure that surrounds every cell, made of phospholipid bilayer , proteins, cholesterol. Regulates transport of what, when and how things exit/enter the cell.
Cell Wall
Specific to plants. Additional structure composed of cellulose, provides structural support
Central Vacuole
Stores excess water in plant.
