cq3; use of drugs Flashcards
Why do athletes utilise performance enhancing drugs?
- For a desire to succeed due to intrinsic self perceptions and extrinsic motivations (e.g. losing their place on a team, embarrassment of failure)
- Coaches may also administer drug use without informing athletes for the equal desire to win (e.g. gaining sponsorships, fame and financial security)
What are the types of drugs?
Strength
- Anabolic steroids
- Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
Aerobic
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
What are anabolic steroids?
Drugs derived from testosterone that promote protein synthesis for enhanced muscular hypertrophy.
What is the impact of anabolic steroids on performance?
- Increase weight, strength and power
- Reduce recovery time needed
- Stimulate protein synthesis → increasing the body’s ability to utilise protein and prevent degeneration.
What are the ethical considerations of anabolic steroids?
Unethical to use as the side effects are quite strong and include;
- hair growth
- decreased sex drive
- infertility
- heart problems
A number of bodybuilders have passed away due to prolonged use of anabolic steroids.
What is the case study for Anabolic steroids?
Floyd Landis was found using Anabolic Steroids and was striped of his Tour De France titles.
What is HGH as a performance enhancing drug?
- Artificial forms of HGH
- HGH is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the body that increases the rate at which amino acids are transported to skeletal muscle cells.
- Exists within every cell of the body that contains hormone receptors.
What is the impact of HGH on performance?
- Aids in muscular development and strength
- Allows glycogen to be held in storage for the later phase of endurance events
What are the ethical considerations from HGH?
- Unethical as it creates an unfair competing ground for athletes who abide by rules and regulations
- Also unethical due to health concerns such as; gigantism, enlarged organs, elevated blood pressure, Osteoporosis/arthritis.
What is the basketball case study for HGH?
Joachim Noah formerly on the NYK was found using HGH in 2017, was suspended for 20 games and eventually traded due to controversy
What is the NRL case study for HGH?
Terry Newton NRL used HGH
Newton’s suspension was 2 years long and stripped of sponsorship deals and his contract
What are peptides?
Drug that enhances the release of HGH
What is the case study for peptides?
- Referred to as the, “blackest day in Australian sports” with a number of teams exposed for utilisation of peptides
- Cronulla sharks were hit the hardest with a number of their players receiving bans and the team losing a host of sponsorship deals
- Sandor Earl (Canberra Raiders) was suspended for 2 years and moved to Thailand due to media scrutiny.
What is EPO?
A natural hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells → increasing levels of haemoglobin
What is the impact of EPOs on performance?
- It is a form of ‘blood doping’ as it allows athletes to absorb more oxygen and improve stamina.
- Increased Haemoglobin → increased ability to transport oxygen to working muscles → enhancing aerobic pathways and reducing the onset of fatigue.
What are the ethical considerations of EPO?
Unethical as it can; increase blood viscosity → increasing the risk of fatal blood clots and heart attacks.
What is the case study for EPO?
- Lance Armstrong was stripped of 7 Tour De France titles
- The loss of sponsorships and income losses have totaled up to $75 million
- Still battling a number of lawsuits with companies aiming to be reimbursed with money that they had paid him during his title winning years.
What are the benefits of drug testing?
- Protects the athlete from harmful risks
- Protects the image of the sport
- Creates a level playing field
What are the limitations of drug testing?
- Can border on invasion of privacy
- Costly procedure (minimum of $300 million per year for drug testing)
- Can be inconsistent and inaccurate (Less than half of the tests conducted in Covid-19)
- Masking agents enhance unreliability
- Athletes tend to be one step ahead (Athletes use drugs that are recently released before put on the ban list)
- The ban list is too extensive → athletes may accidentally take a drug they do not know is banned
What level of competition should drug testing be introduced?
Semi-pro (NBL)
Representative teams → 16-18 years old (be critical)
Which drugs should be tested?
Anything with significant performance implications (e.g. EPO, Anabolic Steroids, HGH)
Which drugs should be tested?
Anything with significant performance implications (e.g. EPO, Anabolic Steroids, HGH)
