CPC Chapter 10- Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The pericardium consists of two layers. What are those layers called?
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
Lies posterior and adjacent to the thoracic vertebrae and superior to the diaphragm. Provides an efficient barrier to infection from surrounding structures
Parietal Pericardium
Adheres to the heart and the first several centimeters of the great vessels
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
The three layers of the heart muscle are:
The Epicardium, The Myocardium, The Endocardium
Covers the heart’s surface and extends to the great vessels
Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)
Is the contracting muscle of the heart and consists of striated muscle fibers interlaced into bundles
The Myocardium
Is composed of a thin layer of endothelium and a thin layer of connective tissue
The innermost Endocardium
the backwash of blood into the left atrium. thickening, scarring, rigidity, and calcification of the valve leaflets allow the backwas effect to occur. blood cannot move efficiently through the heart to the rest of the body leading to possible fatigue or shortness of breath, depending on the severity
Conditions caused by valves not working properly
Mitral Regurgitation
the narrowing of the aortic valve due to disease or the degeneration inherent in the natural aging process. narrowing causes left ventricular hypertrophy because of the increased pressure necessary to pump the blood through the stenotic valve
Conditions caused by valves not working properly
Aortic Stenosis
the aortic valve between the aorta and the left ventricle does not close properly, and blood leaks backward through the valve. This causes an overload of the left ventricle, resulting in an eventual decrease in the muscular elasticity necessary for effective pumping
Conditions caused by valves not working properly
Aortic Regurgitation
radiographic visualization of blood vessels following ontroduction of contrast material
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Angiography
moving or extending anteriorly, moving with the flow
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Antegrade
division into two branches
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Bifurcation
situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the opposite side, as opposed to ipsilateral
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Contralateral
arteriography using electronic circuitry to subtract the background of bone and soft tissue to provide a useful image of arteries injected with contrast medium
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Digital Subtraction Angiograhpy
primary branch off the main trunk of the vascular system
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
First-Order Vessel
situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the same side, as opposed to contralateral
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Ipsilateral
Aorta
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Main Trunk of the Arterial System
vena cava
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Main Trunk of the Venous System
catheter placed in the main trunk, contrast may be injected, images may be taken, but the catheter is not moved into any branches
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Non-selective Catheterization
moving backward or against the usual direction of flow
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Retrograde
overlaying of two images. a stores image is superimposed upon a current fluoroscopic image, or a current image can be copied for storage and later used
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Roadmapping
secondary branch and comes off the first order vessel
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Second Order Vessel
a catheter is placed in the branches further off the main trunk (first, second, third, or higher order)
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Selective Catheterization
tertiary branch and further, comes off the second order vessel
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Third Order and Higher Vessel(s)
division into three branches or parts
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Trifurcaton
network of vessels arising from the aorta’s main branch or network of vessels arising from one primary branch off the access site
IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology
Vascular Family
