CPC Chapter 10- Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The pericardium consists of two layers. What are those layers called?

Answer 1

Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium

Question 2

Lies posterior and adjacent to the thoracic vertebrae and superior to the diaphragm. Provides an efficient barrier to infection from surrounding structures

Answer 2

Parietal Pericardium

Question 3

Adheres to the heart and the first several centimeters of the great vessels

Answer 3

Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)

Question 4

The three layers of the heart muscle are:

Answer 4

The Epicardium, The Myocardium, The Endocardium

Question 5

Covers the heart’s surface and extends to the great vessels

Answer 5

Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)

Question 6

Is the contracting muscle of the heart and consists of striated muscle fibers interlaced into bundles

Answer 6

The Myocardium

Question 7

Is composed of a thin layer of endothelium and a thin layer of connective tissue

Answer 7

The innermost Endocardium

Question 8

the backwash of blood into the left atrium. thickening, scarring, rigidity, and calcification of the valve leaflets allow the backwas effect to occur. blood cannot move efficiently through the heart to the rest of the body leading to possible fatigue or shortness of breath, depending on the severity

Conditions caused by valves not working properly

Answer 8

Mitral Regurgitation

Question 9

the narrowing of the aortic valve due to disease or the degeneration inherent in the natural aging process. narrowing causes left ventricular hypertrophy because of the increased pressure necessary to pump the blood through the stenotic valve

Conditions caused by valves not working properly

Answer 9

Aortic Stenosis

Question 10

the aortic valve between the aorta and the left ventricle does not close properly, and blood leaks backward through the valve. This causes an overload of the left ventricle, resulting in an eventual decrease in the muscular elasticity necessary for effective pumping

Conditions caused by valves not working properly

Answer 10

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 11

radiographic visualization of blood vessels following ontroduction of contrast material

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 11

Angiography

Question 12

moving or extending anteriorly, moving with the flow

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 12

Antegrade

Question 13

division into two branches

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 13

Bifurcation

Question 14

situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the opposite side, as opposed to ipsilateral

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 14

Contralateral

Question 15

arteriography using electronic circuitry to subtract the background of bone and soft tissue to provide a useful image of arteries injected with contrast medium

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 15

Digital Subtraction Angiograhpy

Question 16

primary branch off the main trunk of the vascular system

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 16

First-Order Vessel

Question 17

situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the same side, as opposed to contralateral

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 17

Ipsilateral

Question 18

Aorta

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 18

Main Trunk of the Arterial System

Question 19

vena cava

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 19

Main Trunk of the Venous System

Question 20

catheter placed in the main trunk, contrast may be injected, images may be taken, but the catheter is not moved into any branches

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 20

Non-selective Catheterization

Question 21

moving backward or against the usual direction of flow

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 21

Retrograde

Question 22

overlaying of two images. a stores image is superimposed upon a current fluoroscopic image, or a current image can be copied for storage and later used

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 22

Roadmapping

Question 23

secondary branch and comes off the first order vessel

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 23

Second Order Vessel

Question 24

a catheter is placed in the branches further off the main trunk (first, second, third, or higher order)

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 24

Selective Catheterization

Question 25

tertiary branch and further, comes off the second order vessel

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 25

Third Order and Higher Vessel(s)

Question 26

division into three branches or parts

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 26

Trifurcaton

Question 27

network of vessels arising from the aorta’s main branch or network of vessels arising from one primary branch off the access site

IVR Terms- Interventional Cardiology/Radiology

Answer 27

Vascular Family