COVID-19 Flashcards
MSEMBURI ET AL. (2023)
- 14.83 million excess deaths globally
- 2.74x more deaths than 5.42 million reported as due to COVID-19 for period
WHO (2022)
- COVID-19 vaccine rollout = biggest/fastest in history BUT many of those at greatest risk remain unprotected
- only 28% of older people & 37% health care workers in low-income countries received primary course of vaccines; most haven’t received booster doeses
VACCINE ACCEPTANCE
WANG ET AL. (2021)
- systematic review of acceptance
- 73.3% acceptance (43.8-94.3%)
- higher in general population (81.6%) compared to healthcare workers (65.7%)
- men = less likely than women to accept vaccination
- college educated = more likely > high school education
previously having flu vaccine
- trust in government
- risk perception
BREWER ET AL. (2017)
- psychological propositions about vaccination reasons:
1. thoughts/feelings motivate vaccination
2. social processes motivate vaccination/social norms
3. interventions can facilitate vaccination via leveraging what people think/feel; basic nudges easing access
LEACH ET AL. (2023) - hesitancy reflects deficit in public understanding
BURGER ET AL. (2021)
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa; results from NIDS-CRAM Wave 4
- 71% of South African adults say they’d get vaccinated (55% strongly agree; 16% somewhat agree)
- factors supporting uptake (ie. chronic condition/hypertensive)
- reasons for not being willing:
1. side effects (31%)
2. effectiveness (21%)
3. after vaccination (18%)
4. safety (14%)
GALGALI ET AL. (2023)
- isolation/alienation; US sample
STUDY 1 - n = 397; vaccine trust
- existential isolation (perceptions that nobody else shares one’s experiences)
- alienation (feelings marginalisation/social disenfranchisement)
- loneliness (perceived discrpancy between desired/current social relations)
STUDY 2 - n = 715; vaccinated
- existential isolation; alienation
KATOTO ET AL. (2022)
- trust in government
- predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Afriacn local communities (aka. VaxScenes Study)
- 1193 pps
- 32% vaccine hesitant:
1. distrust in government
2. belief in conspiracy theories
3. lack of access to online vaccine registration platform
ROMER ET AL. (2020)
- conspiracy beliefs = barriers
- already seen in VaxScenes study associated w/lack of vaccine acceptance
- n = 1050 US adults; follow up w/n = 840
- conspiracy beliefs at baseline predicted mask-wearing/vaccination intention at follow up
SROL ET AL. (2020)
- where do conspiracy beliefs come from
- when we’re worried, what do we think about?
- Slovakia; n = 783
- trust in institutions response + risk perception + lack of contol -> conspiracy beliefs
“AFRICA ISN’T A TESTING LAB”
FLINT (2020)
- seeks to locate resistance to COVID-19 vaccination in Africa within wider histories of trails/colonial medicine in Africa
RUBINCAM & SMITH (2009)
- in situations of extreme alienation/repression, refusing something health enhancing may be an act of agency
NATTRASS (2023)
- politics of conspiracy
- The Disinformation Dozen
- suggests we need to be more crticial about politics of conspiracy theories
- support geopolitical propaganda/commercial/political interests
YAMEY ET AL. (2022)
- lack of vaccine access
- 4 basic reasons:
1. vaccine production (HIC pre-ordered large numbers)
2. allocation (covax; aimed to supply vaccines globally BUT bypassed by HICs)
3. affordability (2021; EU paid $3.50/dose; SA paying $5.25/dose; Uganda paid $7/dose for AstraZeneca)
4. deployment (cold chains; late sharing of vaccines)
SUMMARY
- COVID vaccination uptake has been widely varied
- dominant understandings of reasons why vaccination = low focus on individuals/knowledge/hesitancy
- alternative approach to locate vaccine hesitancy as part of how people see themselves/institutions; excluded lacking trust/alientated from institutions
- BUT wider geopolitics also at play cannot ignore how this plays into it
