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130: Professional Practice 2 > COVID-19 > Flashcards

COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

most frequent symptoms of COVID

A

fever

chills

sore throat** (more common with delta/omicron)

runny/stuffy nose**

new or worsening cough

fatigue & myalgia

headache

GI Symptoms

N/V/D

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2
Q

less frequent symptoms of COVID

A
  • shortness of breath/difficulty breathign
  • painful/ difficulty swallowing
  • conjunctivitis

new or unusual exacerbation of chronic conditions

  • delirium
  • dec or loss of appetite
  • new loss of smell/taste
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3
Q

rate COVID19 symptoms

A

skin manifestations

confusion

eye manifestations

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4
Q

before (2021) what were common COVID-19 symptoms

A
  • fever
  • cough

*shortnes of breath

  • fatigue
  • * loss of appetite, smell and/or taste (now less common)
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5
Q
A
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6
Q

differential diagnosis of COVID19

A
  • main distinguishing factors is shortness of breath, lose of smell/taste, and duration (10-14 days)

*dry cough is seen across covid, viral rhinitis and influenza

lots of overlap with influenza -> runny nose uncommon in covid but common in influenza

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7
Q

descrieb the clinical presentation of COVID

A
  • estimated incubation period is up to 14 days from time of exposure
  • most cases occur 4-5 days after exposure

*omicron incubation appears shoter, symptoms appearing at 3 days

  • severe illness typically begins 1 week after symptom onset
  • dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is most common symptom of severe disease, often accompanied by hypoxemia (low blood O2)
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8
Q

COVID red flags

A

difficulty breathing

persistent chest pain or pressure

hemoptysis (spitting up blood)

confusion

  • inabiltiy to wake or stay awake
  • pale, gray, blue coloured skin, lips or nail beds (depending on ksin tone (hypoximia sign)
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

what are the risk factors for COVID

A

age

cancer

cardiomyopathy

chronic kidney disease

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

coronary artery disease

down syndrome

heart failure

immunocompromized from organ transpant

pregnance

severe obesity (BMI > 40)

sickle cell disease

smoking

Type 2 diabetes

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11
Q

transmission of COVID

A
  • spreads mainly between poeple whoa re in close contact with eachother
  • inhalation of resp droplets and aerosl particles
  • deposition of resp droplets and particles on exposed mucous membranes by direct splashes and sprays

touching mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled

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12
Q

how long does COVId live on

plastic

stainless steel

paper

class

cardboard

wood

copper

A

plastic: 3-7 days

stainless steel: 3-7 days

paper: 3 hours
glass: 4 days
cardboard: up to 1 day

Wood: up to 2 days

Copper: up to 4 hours

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13
Q

counseling pints for covid

A

wahs hands

avoid/minimize use of shared spaces

practice physical distancing

disinfect surfaces

use dedicated eating utensils

avoid visitors

monitor health daily

*avoid the 3 Cs: Closed, crowed, and close

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14
Q

non pharm measures for covd

A

wash hands

avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth

wear mask/face covering

cough/sneez itno bend of arm

= avoid sharing personal items w/ othrs

  • disinfect surfaces at least daily
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15
Q

common covid myths

A
  • only older people w/ serious underlying health conditions require hospitalization
  • wearing a mask inc the aount fo CO2 you breathe in and makes you ill
  • ibuprofen can worsen disease for people with COVID19
  • Vitamin D can prevent and tret COVID
  • drinking plenty of waer can flush COVID out

inj, swallowing, bathing in or rubing disinfectants, alcs or blech will protect you from covid

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16
Q

using NSAIDs for covid

A
  • NSAIDs like indomethacin and naproxen found to ahve antiviral properties but also inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is thought to eb needed for optimal antibody synthesis
  • recommend ibuprofen and acetaminophen for treatment of fever due to covid 10
  • reasonable to avoid NSAIDs in older adults and those with comorbid conditions (CV disease, renal disease, chronic respiratory disease)

*no reason to believe that patients takinga rpescribed NSAID for a chornic pain condition shoudl stop taking that medication

17
Q

flase info about nsaids and covid

A
  • frances miniter of health in 2020 said that NSAIDs could be a factor in aggravating the COVID-19 infection
  • backed by several scientists and senior dociors
  • association was liekly due to cofounding variables, patients taking NSAIDs to treat comorbid conditions put them at risk for more severe COVID
  • but was insufficient evidence
  • large recent study found NSAIDs not associated with 30 day hospitalization, ICU aministration, mechanical vetilation, or renal relpacement therapy
18
Q

famotidine for covid treatment

A

insufficient evidence for prevention of COVID-19

19
Q

PPIs and covid

A

*may be an incerased risk of COVID among patients taking PPIs

  • PPIs should only be recommended when indicated (lots of potential adverse effects
  • patients without COVID that reuqire PPI shoudl not discontinue the medication, but should use the lowest dose posible

in patients with COVID decision to discontinue shoudl be made on case by case basis

*further study needed

20
Q

omeprazole and covid

A

omeprazole may enhance the efficacy of improved treatments for COVID-19 (ramdesivir)

*needs more studies

21
Q

CPC containing mouthwash and COVID

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride penetrates cell membranes causing cell components to leak - eventually eading to cell death

  • CPC containing mouthwash may inactivate SARS-CoV-2

NOT currently enough evidence to recommend CPC containing mouthwashes, specifically for preventio/treatment of COVID

  • patients should continue to follow good oral hygiene practices during pandemic to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease
22
Q

saline and covid

A
  • no evidence that regularly rinsing nose with salina has protected poeple from corona virus ifnection
  • regular saline rinsing can help some recover more quickly from common cold, but regular rinsing not shown to prevent respiratory infections
23
Q

Vitamin D and COVID

A

all individuals should maintain adequate vit D levels thru proper sun exposure, consumption of fortified products and/or by supplementing

  • vitD supp should NOT be recommended specifically for purposes of preventing COVID-19

*NO evidence to recommend vit D as a treatment

24
Q

Vitamin C and Zinc and covid

A
  • should maintain adequate levels from food or supplements
  • evidence does not support recommending vit C and/or zinc for treatment of COVID

*supplemnts can also cause adverse effects

*if patients insist, they can target their recommended dietary allowance of zinc and/or take Vit C 1000-2000mg daily

25
Q

melatonin and COVID

A

despite small retrospective study and analysis, currently no good evidence from clinical traisl to support use of melatonin for COVID

26
Q

what should you counsel on for COVID

A

Fever: measure daily

Oxygen levels

HR: High HR is an early indicator of hypoximia

  • shortness of breath
  • any other red falg symptoms
27
Q

what is the pharamcists role in COVID

A
  • educate on prevention measures

vaccinate against COVID-19, influenza

  • appropriately assess and triage symptomatic patietns
  • facilitate patient self care decisions

ensure existing conditions are well controlled

engage in continuity of care services

dispen common myths utilizing available evidence

recommend reliable resources for COVID-19 information

130: Professional Practice 2 (30 decks)

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