COUNSELING (CHAP 7)

Question 1

directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, and self-determination

Answer 1

Actualizing tendency

Question 2

implies that therapists are real; that is, theyaregenuine, integrated, and authentic during the therapy hour. They are without a false front, theirinner experience and outer expression of that experience match, and they can openly expressfeelings, thoughts, reactions, and attitudes that are present in the relationship with theclient. This communication is done with careful reflection and considered judgment on the therapist’spart

Answer 2

Congruence, or Genuineness.

Question 3

n best beachieved through empathic identification with the client. The caring is nonpossessive andis notcontaminated by evaluation or judgment of the client’s feelings, thoughts, and behavior as goodor bad. Therapists value and warmly accept clients without placing stipulations ontheiracceptance.

Answer 3

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 4

Empathy is a deep and subjective understanding of theclient with the client. Empathy is not sympathy, or feeling sorry for a client. Therapists areableto share the client’s subjective world by drawing from their own experiences that may besimilarto the client’s feelings.

Answer 4

Accurate Empathic Understanding.

Question 5

r addressing what is going on between the client and therapist, is highly valuedinthisapproach. This development encourages the use of a wider variety of methods and allows forconsiderable diversity in personal style among person-centered therapists.

The shift toward genuinenessenables person-centered therapists both to practice in more flexible and integrative ways that suit theirpersonalities and to have greater flexibility in tailoring the counseling relationship to suit differentclients

Answer 5

Immediacy

Question 6

-Gestalt is a German word meaning a whole or completion, or a formthat cannot beseparated into parts without loosing essence. All of nature is seen as a unified and coherent
whole, and a whole is different from the sum of its parts. Because Gestalt Therapist areinterested in the whole person they place no superior value on a particular aspect of theindividual.

Answer 6

HOLISM

Question 7

asserts that theorganism must be seen in its environment, or in its context, as part of the constantly
changing field, Gestalt Therapists pay attention to and explore what is occurring at theboundary between the person and the environment

Answer 7

FIELD THEORY-

Question 8

aspects of the individual’s experience that are most salient at any moment

Answer 8

figure

Question 9

(those aspects of the client’s presentation that are often out of his or her awareness

Answer 9

ground

Question 10

Tracks how the individual organizes experience frommoment to moment as some aspect of the environmental field emerges fromthe
background and becomes the focal point of the individual’s attention and interest.

Answer 10

THE FIGURE-FORMATION PROCESS

Question 11

a process by which equilibrium is “disturbed” by theemergence of a need, a sensation, or an interest. Organisms will do their best to regulatethemselves, given their own capabilities and the resources of their environment

Answer 11

ORGANISMIC SELF-REGULATION

Question 12

s made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, moving. Effective contact meansinteracting with nature and with other people without losing one’s sense of individuality. Prerequisites for good contact are clear awareness, full energy, and the ability to express
one’s self.

Answer 12

CONTACT

Question 13

e tendency to uncritically accept others beliefs and standards without
assimilating them to make them congruent with who we are. These introjects remainaliento us because we have not analyzed and restructured them.

Answer 13

INTROJECTION

Question 14

the reverse of introjection. In projection we disown certain aspects of
ourselves by assigning them to the environment. Those attribute of our personality that areinconsistent with our self-image are disowned and put onto, assigned to, and seen inother
people; thus, blaming others for lots of our problems.

Answer 14

PROJECTION

Question 15

Consists of turning back onto our selves what we would like to do tosomeone else or doing to ourselves what we would like someone else to do to or for us. Thisprocess is principally an interruption of the action phase in the cycle of experience andtypically involves a fair amount of anxiety.

Answer 15

RETROFLECTION

Question 16

– Is the process of distraction or veering off, so that it is difficult to maintainasustained sense of contact. We attempt to diffuse or defuse contact through the over useof
humor, abstract generalizations, and questions rather than statement

Answer 16

DEFLECTION

Question 17

Involves blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment. As we strive to blend in and get along with everyone, there is no clear demarcation betweeninternal experience and outer reality

Answer 17

CONFLUENCE

Question 18

– Involves paying attention to what is occurring now. Most
people can stay in the present for only a short time and our inclined to find ways of interruptingthe flow of the present.

Instead of experiencing their feelings in the here and now, clients oftentalk about their feelings, almost as if their feelings were detached from their present
experiencing. One of the aims of Gestalt Therapy is to help clients to become increasingly awareof their present experience.

Answer 18

HENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY –

Question 19

– Involves paying attention to what is occurring now. Most
people can stay in the present for only a short time and our inclined to find ways of interruptingthe flow of the present.

Instead of experiencing their feelings in the here and now, clients oftentalk about their feelings, almost as if their feelings were detached from their present
experiencing. One of the aims of Gestalt Therapy is to help clients to become increasingly awareof their present experience.

Answer 19

HENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY –

Question 20

– Which can be manifested in unexpressed feelings such as resentment, rage, hatred, pain, anxiety, grief, guilt and abandonment. Unacknowledged feelings createunnecessary emotional debris that clatters present-centered awareness.

Answer 20

Unfinished business

Question 21

or struck point, occurs when external support is not available or the customaryway of being does not work. The therapists task is to accompany clients in experiencingthe without rescuing or frustrating them.

Answer 21

Impasse

Question 22

When energy is blocked, in may result in unfinished business. InGestalt Therapy special attention is given to where energy is located, how it is used, andhow it can be blocked.

Answer 22

Energy Block to Energy

Question 23

. Clients are likely to reach a new realization about themselves or toacquire a novel view of an old situation, or they may take a new look at some
significant person in their lives

Answer 23

Discovery

Question 24

It involves clients’ recognizing that they have a choice. Clients
begin by trying out new behaviors in the supportive environment of the therapyoffice, and then they expand their awareness of the world.

Answer 24

Accommodation

Question 25

It involves clients’ learning how to influence their environment. At thisphase clients feel capable of dealing with the surprises they encounter in everydayliving. They are now beginning to do more than passively accept the environment. Behavior at this stage may include taking a stand on a critical issue.

Answer 25

Assimilation

Question 26

ready-made techniques that are sometimes used to make something happenin a therapy session or to achieve a goal. They can be catalysts for individual work or for
promoting interaction among members of a therapy group.

Answer 26

Exercises

Question 27

grow out of the interaction between client and therapist, and they emergewithin this dialogic process. They can be considered the very cornerstone of experiential
learning.

Answer 27

Experiments

Question 28

set up in a way that invites clients to examine their behaviors, attitudes, andthoughts. Therapists can encourage clients to look at certain incongruities, especially gaps
between their verbal and nonverbal expression.

Answer 28

Confrontation

Question 29

e- One goal of Gestalt therapy is to bring about integratedfunctioning and acceptance of aspects of one’s personality that have been disownedanddenied. Gestalt therapists pay close attention to splits in personality function. A maindivision is between the “top dog” and the “underdog,” and therapy often focuses onthewarbetween the two.

Answer 29

The Internal Dialogue Exercise-

Question 30

vehicle for the technique of role reversal, which is useful in bringing into consciousness the fantasies of what the “other” might bethinking or feeling

Answer 30

The Empty-Chair Technique

Question 31

anticipated event is brought intothepresent moment and acted out. This technique, often associated with psychodrama, is
designed to help clients express and clarify concerns they have about the future.

Answer 31

Future Projection Technique

Question 32

t exercise that involves asking a personina group to go up to others in the group and either speak to or do something with eachperson. The purpose is to confront, to risk, to disclose the self, to experiment with newbehavior, and to grow and change.

Answer 32

Making the Rounds

Question 33

t exercise that involves asking a personina group to go up to others in the group and either speak to or do something with eachperson. The purpose is to confront, to risk, to disclose the self, to experiment with newbehavior, and to grow and change.

Answer 33

Making the Rounds

Question 34

symptoms and behaviors often represent reversals of
underlying or latent impulses. Thus, the therapist could ask a person who claims to suffer
from severe inhibitions and excessive timidity to play the role of an exhibitionist

Answer 34

he Reversal Exercise

Question 35

for clients to become more awareof the subtle signals and cues they are sending through body language. Movements, postures, and gestures may communicate significant meanings, yet the cues may be
incomplete

Answer 35

The Exaggeration Exercise

Question 36

Most people want to escape from fearful stimuli and avoidunpleasant feelings. At key moments when clients refer to a feeling or a mood that is
unpleasant and from which they have a great desire to flee, the therapist may urge clients tostay with their feeling and encourage them to go deeper into the feeling or behavior theywish to avoid.

Answer 36

Staying With the Feeling

Question 37

• The Gestalt approach does not interpret andanalyzedreams. Instead, the intent is to bring dreams back to life and relive themas though theywere happening now. The dream is acted out in the present, and the dreamer becomes apart of his or her dream.

Answer 37

 The Gestalt Approach to Dream Work-