Coun 220

Question 1

Myers-Briggs Type Theory

Answer 1

•The Myers-Briggs type theory there are 16 personality types, which fall into 2 categories – Extroverts and Introverts. The characteristics that make up the types are: I = introvert, E = extrovert, P = perceiving, J = judging, S = sensing, F = feeling, T = thinking, and N = intuitive

Question 2

Myers-Briggs Personality Types

Answer 2

Example: ISTJ, ISFJ, INFJ, INTJ, ISTP, 
I = introvert     
E = extrovert    
S = sensing		
T = thinking    
F = feeling        
J = judging
N = intuitive    
P = perceiving

Question 3

Trait and Factor Theory

Answer 3

Matches the job/career with the individual’s characteristics

An individual should have the following information in order to select an occupation:
•A clear understanding of him/herself, attitudes, abilities, interests, ambitions
•A knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages.

Question 4

Super’s Theory

Answer 4

Career Development in Childhood
•Predisposed from career to family
•Curiosity
•Self-concept
•Psychological aspects
•Genetic predisposition
•Geographic aspects
•Socioeconomic structure

Question 5

Work Adjustment Theory

Answer 5

•Different from trait and factor theory is more focused on the client
•Two major components to the prediction of work adjustment (and therefore tenure): Satisfaction with the work that one does.
Satisfactoriness employer’s satisfaction with the individual’s performance.

Question 6

Holland’s Type Theory

Answer 6

• Six types
• Based on congruence, differentiation, consistency, and identity
• SDS – Self Directed Search
• Realistic – makes physical demands on the individual. Works with tools, machines, or animals that the individual manipulates. Likely to value money, power, and placing a lesser value on human relationships.
• Investigative – searches for solutions to problems through mathematical and scientific interests and competencies. E.g. computer programmer, physician, mathematician, science teacher.
• Artistic – one that is free and open, encouraging creativity and personal expression. Musician, fine artist, and freelance writer. Encourages personal emotional expression
• Social – encourages people to be flexible and understanding of each other, where people can work with others through helping with personal or career problems, teaching others. They seek out environments where they can use verbal and social skills, such as in education, welfare, and mental health. Concerned with contributing to a better world than with economic achievement for themselves.
• Enterprising – people manage and persuade others to attain organizational and personal goals. Tend to be self-confident, sociable, and assertive. Promotion and power are important. Persuasion and selling take place. Sales work, buying, business management, politics, real estate, etc. Enjoy working with people, but prefer to persuade and manage rather than to help.
• Conventional – organization and planning best. The conventional person is one who values money, being dependable, and the ability to follow rules and orders. They often work in office environments.

Question 7

Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation

Answer 7

• Emphasizes the importance of gender role and prestige in making choices
• Occupations must be compatible with the individual’s view of him/herself.
• Heredity and biological factors influence the choices that individuals make as they deal with circumscription and compromise.

Question 8

Roe’s Personality Development Theory

Answer 8

• Predicts occupational selection based on individual differences, which are biological, sociological, and psychological
• Psychological needs develop from interaction between children and parents, specifically the parents’ attitudes toward their children
• Concentration on the child – overprotective parents encourage dependence in the child and restrict curiosity and exploration.
• Avoidance of the child – emotionally rejected children are criticized by their parents and not given love and affection;
• Acceptance of the Child – casual acceptance refers to a low-key attitude of the parent, offering a minimum of love

Question 9

Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

Answer 9

• Emphasizes the importance of behavior (action) and cognition (Knowing or thinking) in making career decisions
• Focuses on teaching the client career decision-making techniques.
• Focuses on helping the counselor conceptualize issues
• Important factors: genetic endowment, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences.