CI 285 Flashcards
Lev Vygotsky
ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
The range from unassisted to assisted.
Vygotsky’s Theory – a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Vocabulary Development
Peak time of vocabulary expansion is 30-36 months. Children learn an average of 22 new words per day.
Economic Adolescence
A person is legally an adult, but still financially dependent on his or her parents
Linear Development
Not cumulative; when one moves from one level to another, the previous level is left behind
Context
People develop within a context and their development is greatly influenced by this context.
Doug Breunlin
“Oscillating Change”
Going back and forth between stage to get to the next stage.
Progress, regress, progress, regress, etc.
Language vs. Cognitive Development
Cognitive development generally surpasses language development, causes frustration for the child.
Often lead to behavioral problems.
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian – military style; using force
Authoritative – rules and structure; boundaries with room for democracy and feedback
Indulgent – no structure; kids get everything they want.
Neglectful/Abusive – ignoring kids, etc. Can provide, but don’t.
Punishment vs. Discipline
Punishment – inflicting pain and consequences
Discipline – educating and teaching
Distracted Communication
Kids will talk if the main purpose of the interaction is not to talk.
Do an activity and that will usually lead to talking.
James Keim
- Supporting parental authority
- Outcome vs. process – parent decides outcome and the child decides process
- Parental affection – hierarchy of affection
- Gentle disempowerment of kids
- Child starts a tantrum, turn away/ignore
James White
Being successful in work often conflict with being successful in family
Arlie Russell Hochschild
- “The Second Shift” – dual duty of parents work and raise children
- “The Time Bind” – Cross institutional conflict; invest themselves more in work then at home
Bill Doherty
“Take Back Your Marriage”
•Have couple time daily
•Weekly date night
•Frequent affection
Vern Bengtson
parents are more interested in kids than kids are in parents
Elder Abuse
- Emotional, financial, physical, neglect
- “Domestic violence grown old”
- 65+
Religion/Prayer in the Aging
- Spirituality increases later in life
* Gives a purpose – Erikson’s Ego Integrity
Disengagement Theory
•People who disengage from others to spare the pain die quicker than those who don’t.
This theory is wrong.
Activity Theory
Idea that the more active and involved older adults are, the more satisfied they are with their lives.
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Stages of grief/dying: Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
People often skip around and do not go through the stages in this particular order.
Communicating with a Dying Person
- Stay at eye level with them
- Don’t be afraid to touch them
- Don’t insist on denial or acceptance of death
- Let them talk about their feelings
- Encourage them to reminisce
- Don’t be afraid to express love or say goodbye
Sanctification Effect
No matter how bad or scandalous a person was, they are always glorified at their funeral.
Working with Divorced Families
- First figure out who’s who and what’s what – make a genogram
- Keep the focus child-centered
Divorce Statistics
- 1991 highest peak in the divorce rate and has been slowly declining ever since
- Divorce recidivism rate – each time a person gets married or divorced, it is counted as a new marriage or divorce even though it’s the same person
- First marriage for both partners – 23-43% chance of divorce
- Divorce rate increases with the number of marriages
Economic Impact of Divorce
- Negative for women and children
* Positive for men – increase in disposable income
Kids and Divorce
- Focus on damage control
- 13 year old boys have an intense need for a father figure
- Around 13-15, there is a need, though less obvious, for girls to have a father figure
- Fathers tend to stay involved more if there’s a son than if there’s only daughters
- Girls without father figures are more likely to have higher rates of sexual activity
- Kids in families of divorce have lower academic success rates
Constance Ahrons
“The Good Divorce”
Types of Divorce:
•Perfect Pals – people who stay friends and maintain a close relationship after the divorce
•Cooperative Colleagues – they are able to separate the marital conflicts from parenting issues (they may not like each other, but they can successfully work together to parent)
•Angry Associates – often triangulate the kids and fight their battles through the kids
•Fiery Foes – level of anger is significantly increased, usually requires the intervention of a 3rd party
Dissolved Duos – they just go their separate ways
Remarriage
- Good to move to a neutral location rather than one person moving in with the other
- Step-parents have to be patient. It takes at least 2 years for the step-parents to be able to effectively exercise authority, even a small amount
- Everybody must be civil to each other no matter what – human rights
