CI 285

Question 1

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 1

ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
The range from unassisted to assisted.

Vygotsky’s Theory – a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development

Question 2

Vocabulary Development

Answer 2

Peak time of vocabulary expansion is 30-36 months. Children learn an average of 22 new words per day.

Question 3

Economic Adolescence

Answer 3

A person is legally an adult, but still financially dependent on his or her parents

Question 4

Linear Development

Answer 4

Not cumulative; when one moves from one level to another, the previous level is left behind

Question 5

Context

Answer 5

People develop within a context and their development is greatly influenced by this context.

Question 6

Doug Breunlin

Answer 6

“Oscillating Change”
Going back and forth between stage to get to the next stage.
Progress, regress, progress, regress, etc.

Question 7

Language vs. Cognitive Development

Answer 7

Cognitive development generally surpasses language development, causes frustration for the child.
Often lead to behavioral problems.

Question 8

Parenting Styles

Answer 8

Authoritarian – military style; using force

Authoritative – rules and structure; boundaries with room for democracy and feedback

Indulgent – no structure; kids get everything they want.

Neglectful/Abusive – ignoring kids, etc. Can provide, but don’t.

Question 9

Punishment vs. Discipline

Answer 9

Punishment – inflicting pain and consequences

Discipline – educating and teaching

Question 10

Distracted Communication

Answer 10

Kids will talk if the main purpose of the interaction is not to talk.
Do an activity and that will usually lead to talking.

Question 11

James Keim

Answer 11

• Supporting parental authority
• Outcome vs. process – parent decides outcome and the child decides process
• Parental affection – hierarchy of affection
• Gentle disempowerment of kids
• Child starts a tantrum, turn away/ignore

Question 12

James White

Answer 12

Being successful in work often conflict with being successful in family

Question 13

Arlie Russell Hochschild

Answer 13

• “The Second Shift” – dual duty of parents work and raise children
• “The Time Bind” – Cross institutional conflict; invest themselves more in work then at home

Question 14

Bill Doherty

Answer 14

“Take Back Your Marriage”
•Have couple time daily
•Weekly date night
•Frequent affection

Question 15

Vern Bengtson

Answer 15

parents are more interested in kids than kids are in parents

Question 16

Elder Abuse

Answer 16

• Emotional, financial, physical, neglect
• “Domestic violence grown old”
• 65+

Question 17

Religion/Prayer in the Aging

Answer 17

• Spirituality increases later in life

* Gives a purpose – Erikson’s Ego Integrity

Question 18

Disengagement Theory

Answer 18

•People who disengage from others to spare the pain die quicker than those who don’t.

This theory is wrong.

Question 19

Activity Theory

Answer 19

Idea that the more active and involved older adults are, the more satisfied they are with their lives.

Question 20

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Answer 20

Stages of grief/dying:
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

People often skip around and do not go through the stages in this particular order.

Question 21

Communicating with a Dying Person

Answer 21

• Stay at eye level with them
• Don’t be afraid to touch them
• Don’t insist on denial or acceptance of death
• Let them talk about their feelings
• Encourage them to reminisce
• Don’t be afraid to express love or say goodbye

Question 22

Sanctification Effect

Answer 22

No matter how bad or scandalous a person was, they are always glorified at their funeral.

Question 23

Working with Divorced Families

Answer 23

• First figure out who’s who and what’s what – make a genogram
• Keep the focus child-centered

Question 24

Divorce Statistics

Answer 24

• 1991 highest peak in the divorce rate and has been slowly declining ever since
• Divorce recidivism rate – each time a person gets married or divorced, it is counted as a new marriage or divorce even though it’s the same person
• First marriage for both partners – 23-43% chance of divorce
• Divorce rate increases with the number of marriages

Question 25

Economic Impact of Divorce

Answer 25

• Negative for women and children

* Positive for men – increase in disposable income

Question 26

Kids and Divorce

Answer 26

• Focus on damage control
• 13 year old boys have an intense need for a father figure
• Around 13-15, there is a need, though less obvious, for girls to have a father figure
• Fathers tend to stay involved more if there’s a son than if there’s only daughters
• Girls without father figures are more likely to have higher rates of sexual activity
• Kids in families of divorce have lower academic success rates

Question 27

Constance Ahrons

Answer 27

“The Good Divorce”
Types of Divorce:
•Perfect Pals – people who stay friends and maintain a close relationship after the divorce
•Cooperative Colleagues – they are able to separate the marital conflicts from parenting issues (they may not like each other, but they can successfully work together to parent)
•Angry Associates – often triangulate the kids and fight their battles through the kids
•Fiery Foes – level of anger is significantly increased, usually requires the intervention of a 3rd party
Dissolved Duos – they just go their separate ways

Question 28

Remarriage

Answer 28

• Good to move to a neutral location rather than one person moving in with the other
• Step-parents have to be patient. It takes at least 2 years for the step-parents to be able to effectively exercise authority, even a small amount
• Everybody must be civil to each other no matter what – human rights