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3rd Year, 1st Sem > COSC 85 | Midterms > Flashcards

COSC 85 | Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

it refers to the transmission of digital data between two or more computers.

A

data communications

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2
Q

it refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.

A

data

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3
Q

means communication at a distance.

A

telecommunication

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4
Q

Fundamental Characteristics of a data communication system

A

delivery
accuracy
timeliness
jitter

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5
Q

The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user.

A

delivery

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6
Q

The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.

A

accuracy

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7
Q

The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless.

A

timeliness

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8
Q

refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the delivery of audio or video packets.

A

jitter

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9
Q

components of data communication

A

message
sender
receiver
transmission medium
protocol

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10
Q

is the information (data) to be communicated. It can be text, numbers, pictures, audio, video, etc.

A

message

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11
Q

is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, etc.

A

sender

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12
Q

the device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, etc.

A

receiver

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13
Q

is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Examples are twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, etc.

A

transmission medium

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14
Q

is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices.

A

protocol

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15
Q

data flows

A

simplex
half-duplex
full-duplex

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16
Q

the communication is unidirectional. Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit; other can only receive.

A

simplex

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17
Q

each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa.

A

half-duplex

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18
Q

both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.

A

full-duplex

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19
Q

a set of devices connected by communication links.

A

network

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20
Q

it can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.

A

node

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21
Q

is where task is divided among multiple computers.

A

distributed processing

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22
Q

network criteria

A

performance
reliability
security

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23
Q

performance can be measured in many ways

A

transit time and response time

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24
Q

is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one device to another.

A

transit time

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25
Q

is the elapsed time between an inquiry and a response.

A

response time

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26
Q

a set of rules that govern data communications. it defines what is communicated, how it is communicated, and when it is communicated. The key elements of it are syntax, semantics, and timing.

A

protocol

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27
Q

the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

A

syntax

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28
Q

meaning of each section of bits

A

semantics

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29
Q

refers to two characteristics, when data should be sent and how fast they can be sent.

A

timing

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30
Q

are essential in creating and maintaining an open and
competitive market for equipment manufacturers and guaranteeing national and international interoperability of data and telecommunications technology and processes.

A

standards

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31
Q

Data communication standards fall into two categories:

A

de facto (by fact)
de jure (by law)

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32
Q

standards that have not been approved by an organized body but have been adopted as standards through widespread use.

A

de facto (by fact)

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33
Q

those standards that have been legislated by an officially recognized body.

A

de jure (by law)

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34
Q

physical structures

A

point-to-point
multipoint

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35
Q

provides a dedicated link between two devices.

A

point-to-point

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36
Q

its connection is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link.

A

multipoint

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37
Q

is the physical and logical relationship of nodes in a network. It is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes through lines of connection.

A

network topology

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38
Q

means placement of various nodes.

A

physical

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39
Q

means it deals with the data flow in the network

A

logical

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40
Q

types of topologies

A

mesh
star
bus
ring
hybrid

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41
Q

every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device.

A

mesh topology

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42
Q

Mesh has ___ physical channels to link n devices.

A

n(n − 1)/2

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43
Q

types of mesh topology

A

partial mesh topology
full mesh topology

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44
Q

some of the nodes are connected but only with fewer connections for the same number of nodes.

A

partial mesh topology

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45
Q

every node connects to every other node.

A

full mesh topology

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46
Q

each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub or a switch.

A

star topology

47
Q

every node is attached to one shared bus cable.

  • Transmits data only in one direction
  • Every device is connected to a single cable.
A

bus topology

48
Q

each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side of it.

  • Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted has to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.
A

ring topology

49
Q

is a mixture of two different types of topologies.

  • Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
  • Combination of two or more topologies
A

hybrid topology

50
Q

category of networks

A

local area network (LAN)
wide area network (WAN)
metropolitan area network (MAN)

51
Q

a group of computers connected to each other in a small area.

  • Less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, Ethernet cables, etc.
  • Faster data transfer.
  • High Security
A

local area network (LAN)

52
Q

a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries.

  • Spans over a large geographical area through telephone line, Fiber optic cable, or satellite links.
A

wide area networks (WAN)

53
Q

a network with a size between LAN and WAN.

  • Normally covers the area inside a town or a city.
  • Government agencies use MAN to connect the citizens and private industries.
A

metropolitan area networks (MAN)

54
Q

it is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system

A

OSI Model or Open Systems Interconnection

55
Q

OSI Model uses _____ to give visual description of what is going on with a particular networking system

A

layers

56
Q

7 layers of OSI

A

Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application

57
Q

End User layer (HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS)

A

Application

58
Q

Syntax layer (SSL, SSH, IMAP, FTP, MPEG, JPEG)

A

Presentation

59
Q

Synch and send to port (API’s, Sockets, WinSock)

A

Session

60
Q

End-to-end connections (TCP, UDP)

A

Transport

61
Q

Packets (IP, ICMP, IPSec, IGMP)

A

Network

62
Q

Frames (Ethernet, PPP, Switch, Bridge)

A

Data Link

63
Q

Physical Structure (Coax, Fiber, Wireless, Hubs, Repeaters)

A

Physical

64
Q

it was established in 1947, dedicate to worldwide agreement on international Standards

A

International Standards Organization

65
Q

International Standards Organization (ISO) was established in ____

A

1947

66
Q

An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communication is the _____

A

Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI)

67
Q

Open Systems Interconnection Model was first introduced in the late ______

A

1970s

68
Q

it is used by Network Applications

A

Application layer

69
Q

it enables the user to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services

A

Application layer

70
Q

Network services of Application layer

A

File Transfer – FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Web Surfing – HTTP/S (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Emails – SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Virtual Terminals – TELNET

71
Q

it receives data from applications layer. These data are in the form of numbers or characters.

A

Presentation layer

72
Q

it is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems

A

Presentation layer

73
Q

it converts data to binary format for the machine to understand

A

Translation

74
Q

it reduces the number of bits that are used to represent the original data

A

data compression

75
Q

it enhances the security of the data

A

encryption

76
Q

it is used in the encryption and decryption of the data

A

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

77
Q

it helps in setting up and managing connection enabling sending and receiving of data followed by termination of connections or sessions

A

Session layer

78
Q

it keeps track of the files being downloaded

A

Session layer

79
Q

the session layer allows a process to add checkpoints, or synchronization points, to a stream of data

A

Synchronization

80
Q

it allows the communication between two processes to take place in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode

A

Dialog control

81
Q

a process of verifying the user

A

authentication

82
Q

a process used by server to determine if the user have the permission to access a file or a site

A

authorization

83
Q

it is responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire message

A

Transport layer

84
Q

it provides enhancements to the services of the network layer. Its main tasks are to ensure that data sent from one computer arrives reliably, in the correct sequence and without errors at the receiving computer

A

Transport layer

85
Q

data received from session layer is divided into small data units called

A

segmentation
segments

86
Q

data received from session layer is divided into small data units called ____

A

segments

87
Q

Each segments contains a ____ and ____

A

source and destination port and sequence number

88
Q

In _____, transport layer controls the amount of data transmitted to a level that the receiver can process

A

Flow Control

89
Q

In ____, if some data units never arrive the destination, transport layer uses Automatic Repeat Request schemes to retransmit the lost or corrupted data

A

Error Control

90
Q

2 protocols in transport layer

A

Transmission Control Protocol
User Datagram Protocol

91
Q
  • Connection-Oriented Transmission
  • Gives feedback, therefore data that is lost can be retransmitted.
  • Internet surfing, Emails, FTP, etc.
A

Transmission Control Protocol

92
Q
  • Connectionless Transmission
  • No Feedback whether data is really delivered or not
  • Streaming, Music, Gaming, Voice calls, DNS, etc.
A

User Datagram Protocol

93
Q

it works for the transmission of received data segment from one computer to another located in different networks

A

network layer

94
Q

IP addressing (IPv4 or IPv6) is done in network layer

A

logical addressing

95
Q

it is a method of moving data packet from source to its destination. It is based on the logical address format of the logical addressing

A

routing

96
Q

it is a method which choosing the best possible path for data delivery from source to destination

A

path determination

97
Q

it receives packet from network layer which contains IP addresses of sender and receiver

A

data link layer

98
Q

two kinds of addressing

A

logical addressing
physical addressing

99
Q

it is done at network layer where sender and receiver’s IP Addresses are assigned to each data packet

A

logical addressing

100
Q

it is done at data link layer where MAC addresses of both devices are assigned to receive the data packet

A

physical addressing

101
Q

the data link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called frames

A

framing

102
Q

the data link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called ____

A

frames

103
Q

the data link layer imposes a flow control mechanism to avoid overwhelming the receiver

A

flow control

104
Q

adding mechanism to detect and retransmit damaged or lost frames

A

error control

105
Q

data link protocols are necessary to determine which device has control over the link at any given time

A

access control

106
Q

it converts the binaries into signals (either electrical, radio or optical)

A

physical layer

107
Q

it defines the interface between the device and the transmission medium. It also defines the type of transmission medium.

A

physical layer

108
Q

its data consists of a stream of bits with no interpretation. To be transmitted, bits must be encoded into signals, electrical or optical

A

physical layer

109
Q

the physical layer defines the duration of a bit, which is how long it lasts

A

data rate

110
Q

the sender and the receiver clocks must be synchronized

A

synchronization of bits

111
Q

concerned with the connection of devices to the media

A

line configuration

112
Q

it defines how devices are connected to make a network

A

physical topology

113
Q

it defines the direction of transmission between two devices

A

transmission mode

3rd Year, 1st Sem (8 decks)

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