CORD/ ALL THAT 2 Flashcards
Velamentous and marginal cord insertions is when
When the cord inserts into the membranes and not the placental disc.
Velamentous and marginal cord insertions identified when and when is the normal routine check for it
10 weeks and at 11-14 weeks
At birth what should occur with vasa previa
elective Caesarean section should be offered prior to the onset of labour
what is most likely with vasa previa
premature delivery
given corticosteroid to promote fetal development
Umbilical arterial Doppler assessment is used in surveillance of fetal well-being when
3rd trimester
Abnormal umbilical artery doppler is a marker of
uteroplacental insufficiency and consequent IUGR or suspected pre-eclampsia.
Umbilical artery Doppler assessment has been shown to improve
perinatal mortality and morbidity in high risk obstetric situations
NORMAL umbilical vein doppler flow
monophasic non-pulsatile flow pattern with a mean velocity of ~10-15 cm/s.
The presence of pulsatility implies
pathological state
when is there pulsatillity in umbilical vein (2)
Early in pregnancy: up to ~13 weeks gestation
when it is known chromosomally abnormal fetus
Umbilical cord prolapse happens when
umbilical cord precedes the fetus’s exit from the uterus
fetal membranes consists of
fused amnion and smooth chorion = amniochorionic membranes.
fusion of membranes begins ____ and completes _____
1st trimester and completes week 20
elevation or bulging of amniochorionic membrane is associated with
placental abruption and subchorionic hematoma
what is Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
Rupture of the amniochorionic membrane prior to onset of labour.
what is concern id PROM is longer than 24 hours without birth
chorioamnionitis,
Chorioamnionitis may cause:
Fetal or maternal death
If PROM occurs at less than 32 weeks
Pregnancy is usually continued under very close assessment because the fetus is immature and high risk for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
If PROM occurs at more than 32 weeks
Labour may be induced or a C-section can be performed.
amniotic fluid is
fluid in the amniotic cavity
Normal amount of amniotic fluid is important for
normal fetal development and growth.
Amniotic fluid is a solution consisting of:
Desquamated fetal epithelial cell
Organic and inorganic salts
Proteins, fats, enzymes, hormones, carbohydrates, and pigments
Later urine and meconium are added
amniotic fluid function
fetus can move, grow and develop without pressure.
maintains the environment temperature and helps maturation of fetal lungs
Evaluation of AFV is a key component of
fetal biophysical assessment
After 16 W, _______ production is the major source of amniotic fluid
fetal urine
measurement technique for amniotic fluid
Longest single pocket (free of umbilical cord and fetal small parts)
Vertical depth of the pocket
normal amniotic fluid measurement
2-8cm
amniotic fluid index obtained by
by measuring the vertical depth (mm) of the largest cord-free AF pocket in the four quadrants of the uterus and the sum of four measurements
AFI = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
oligiohydraminos defined as
It is defined as more than 2 standard deviation (2 SD) below the mean for the specific GA.
The _____th percentile value is recommended for screening
5th
oligojudraminos associated with (3)
Maternal drug intake
IUGR
Urinary tract anomalies
polyhdraminos is
Abnormal or excessive amount of amniotic fluid
normal cervical length is greater than
30mm
cervical incompetence aka
cervical insufficiency
cervical incompetence is
A medical condition in which a pregnant woman’s cervix begins to dilate (widen) and efface (thin) before her pregnancy has reached term.
cervical incompetence may cause
miscarriage or preterm birth during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
another sign of cervical incompetence is
funnelling at the internal orifice of the uterus
what is cervical funneling
Opening of the internal cervical os with protrusion of the amniotic sac into the cervical canal.
normal length of umbilical and average
30-90cm and 55cm average
cervical funneling is probably normal after ____ weeks
32
