1st trimester abn Flashcards
whats is pseudocyesis
belief that you are expecting a baby when you are not really carrying a child
what is couvade
men experience sympathetic pregnancy
what is Pseudogestational sac
intrauterine anechoic sac-like structure that may be mistaken for an early viable pregnancy
Pseudogestational sac appearance in comparison to true gestational sac
PseudoGS has central location, oval shape and lack of a thick chorion ring
Pseudogestational sac may also have free fluid where
PCDS
pseudo sac can also be called
decidual cast cyst
what makes up the double bleb sign
Yolk sac and amniotic sac
is double bleb sign good or bad?
good, important feature of intrauterine pregnancy
what is anembryonic pregnancy
is a gestational sac which develops without an embryo
NO FETAL POLE
anembryonic pregnancy aka
blighted ovum
fetal pole should be seen by MSD =
25mm
first sonographic sign of intrauterine pregnancy
gestational sac
abnormal gestational sac indicates
problem with pregnancy
max diameter of yolk sac is ____mm at 10 weeks
6mm
abnormally large yolk sac may indicate
poor obstetric outcome
Shape of normal yolk sac
circle
calcified yolk sac without blood represents
long standing embryonic demise
what is gestational trophoblastic disease
slow-growing tumour that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta)
most common type of gestational trophoblastic tumour
hydatidiform mole
Hydatidiform mole aka
molar pregnancy
sign of trophoblastic disease in blood flow to fetus
high velocity, low impedance waveforms in the 1st and early 2nd trimesters due to high degree of arterial invasion by abnormally proliferating trophoblast.
colour sign of trophoblastic disease
chaotic vasculature with colour aliasing within the mass
complete hydatidiform mole gives what sono appearance
swiss cheese
cystic degeneration of the chorionic villi associated with
theca luteal cysts
Hydatidiform Mole Malignant or benign
benign
Trophoblastic Disease usual result
blighted ovum/fetal demise
clinical feature of all trophoblastic diseases (2)
increase B hcg levels
vaginal bleeding -> may include passage of vessicles
cause of Complete hydatiform mole and chromo pattern
Forms when sperm fertilizes an egg that does not contain an original maternal nucleus
46xx (diploid karyotype)
main sono appearance of Complete hydatiform mole
mass with multiple cysts in it with varying size
cause of partial hydatiform mole and chromo pattern
Forms when 2 haploid sperm fertilizes a normal egg but there are two sets of DNA from the father in the fertilized egg.
Placenta cell are abnormal
69, XXX or 69, XXY (triploid karyotype)
comparison of fetal parts seen in complete vs partial hydatiform mole
complete: absence of fetus
partial: fetal parts seen
what is more likely to see on US complete or partial hydatiform moles
complete
why do we treat hydatiform mole if its benign
to avoid persistent trophoblastic neoplasia
most common persistent trophoblastic neoplasia
invasive mole
what is invasive mole
Intermediate stage between a benign mole and a highly malignant choriocarcinoma
another name for invasive mole
chorioadenoma destruens
where is choriocarcinoma most likely to metastasize to
lung
treatment for malignant trophoblastic diseases
hysterectomy and chemo
most rare and fatal type of gestational trophoblastic disease
Placental-site trophoblastic neoplasia (PSTT)
PSTT spreads where
muscles of the uterus and into the blood vessels. May also spread to the lungs, pelvis or lymph nodes
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumours (ETT) are benign or malignant? and where can it spread
either and spreads to lungs
Patients are followed up on gestational trophoblastic disease until
their HcG levels return to normal
