COPD

Question 1

4 Inflammatory cytokines in COPD?

Answer 1

IL-8, LTB4, TNF-alpha, NF-kB

Question 2

mmRC and CAT scores to qualify as high symptom burden (i.e., B or D categories)?

Answer 2

mmRC 2+

CAT 10+

Question 3

4 Genetic causes of emphysema?

Answer 3

• Fabry disease (glycosphingolipid accumulation)
• Cutis Laxia (elastin fiber deficiency or abnormality)
• Ehler’s Danlos (collagen deficiency)
• Marfan’s (Fibrillin-1 formation in ECM)

Question 4

Normal level of A1AT?

Answer 4

11mmol/L or 80mg/dL

Question 5

Two disease genotypes of A1AT?

Answer 5

ZZ, SZ

Question 6

What were the results of the ECLIPSE study?

Answer 6

Risk for AECOPD was 5x higher if patient had AECOPD within the last year, and 2x higher if patient had GERD.

Question 7

Infectious pathogen most commonly causing AECOPD?

Answer 7

Rhinovirus

Question 8

What is the change in FEV1 during AECOPD?

Answer 8

Decreases by 5%, and recovers within 5 days. Recovery shortened to 2 days with steroids.

Question 9

What 5 interventions reduce mortality in COPD?

Answer 9

• Tobacco cessation
• LVRS
• O2
• Pulm rehab
• Flu vaccine

Question 10

What do full PFTs show in CPFE?

Answer 10

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis & Emphysema

Severe hypoxemia, very low DLCO, normal volumes.

Question 11

CT findings of pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 11

PA diameter >2.8cm, or PA/A ratio >1.