Control of respiration

Question 1

role of involuntary control

Answer 1

regulates respiratory muscle activity
frequency and depth
respond to info from lungs and respiratory tract

Question 2

role of voluntary control

Answer 2

reflects activity in cerebral cortex
affects output of respiratory centres (medulla and pons) and motor neurones

Question 3

control of rs in pons

Answer 3

apneustic and pneumotaxic centres adjust output regulating rate and depth

Question 4

medulla respiration contro

Answer 4

dorsal = inspiratory (quiet and forced)
ventral = in and expiratory only in forced

Question 5

Hering-Breuer reflexes

Answer 5

2 mechanoreceptor reflexes involved in forced breathing

Question 6

Hering-Breuer reflexes - inhalation

Answer 6

prevent over expansion, as vol increases DRG inhibited and VRG stimulated

Question 7

Hering-Breuer reflexes - deflation

Answer 7

inhibits expiratory centres, stimulates inspiratory centres during deflation

Question 8

nerves involved in chemoreceptors

Answer 8

cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) carotid bodies

cranial nerve X (vagus) aortic bodies

central chemoreceptors that monitor cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

chemoreceptor stimulation

Answer 9

drop in pp o2 to 40 increases rs rate by 50-70%

rise in 10% pp co2 increases rate 100%

Question 10

respiration before birth

Answer 10

pulmonary vessels collapsed = lungs have no air

Question 11

respiration at birth

Answer 11

newborns overcomes force o surface tension to inflate bronchial tree and alveoli and take first breath

Question 12

respiration changes in elderly

Answer 12

deterioration in elastic tissue - compliance and VC

arthritic changes decrease flexibility

emphysema = smoking