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Anatomy and Physiology Semester 2 > Cardio Vasculr system blood vessels > Flashcards

Cardio Vasculr system blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arterioles

A

smallest branches leading to capillary beds
blood pressure regulation

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2
Q

capillary bed

A

smallest blood vessels with thin walls
location of exchange

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3
Q

venules

A

collect blood from capillaries

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4
Q

where’s the largest distribution of blood at rest

A

64% in Venus system (low pressure so rakes longer and spends more time there)

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5
Q

3 layers of blood vessel walls

A

tunica intima (inside)
tunica media
tunica externa (outside)

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6
Q

tunica intima structure

A

endothelial lining
connective tissue
internal elastic membrane in arteries

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7
Q

endothelium function

A

releases vasoactive substances affecting vascular tone, blood pressure and blood flow

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8
Q

what do endothelium maintain

A

vascular homeostasis

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9
Q

what stimulate vasodilation

A

nitric oxide

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10
Q

what stimulates vasoconstriction

A

endothelin

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11
Q

tunica media structure

A

concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue elastic fibres in arteries and collagen in veins

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12
Q

what lines lumen of blood vessels of tunica media

A

endothelium

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13
Q

external elastic membrane

A

separates tunica media from external

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14
Q

tunica externa structure

A

anchors vessels to adjacent tissue with collagen elastic and smooth muscle fibres

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15
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small arteries and veins in walls of large arteries and veins
serve cells of tunica media and externa

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16
Q

tunica intima contrast between arteries and veins

A

A=internal elastic membrane
V=no

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17
Q

tunica media contrast between arteries and veins

A

A=thick, smooth and elastic
V=thin, smooth and collagen

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18
Q

tunica externa contrast between arteries and veins

A

A=collagen and elastic
V=smooth as well

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19
Q

classification of arteries

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

20
Q

capillaries structure

A

endothelia tube inside thin basement membrane

21
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

22
Q

continuous capillary

A

all tissue except epithelial and cartilage
complete endothelia lining
permit diffusion not blood cells
restricted permeability

23
Q

fenestrate capillaries

A

pores in endothelial lining to exchange water and larger solutes eg kidney

24
Q

sinusoid capillaries

A

gaps between adjacent endothelial cells
permits exchange water and large plasma proteins
liver spleen etc
phagocytic cells monitors blood

25
Q

capillary structure

A

capillary bed
pre capillary sphincter
thoroughfare channels

26
Q

capillary bed

A

connect one arteriole to one venule

27
Q

pre capillary sphincter

A

guards entrance to each capillary
open and close

28
Q

thoroughfare channels

A

direct capillary connection between arterioles and venules

29
Q

varicose veins

A

weakening walls of veins near valves

30
Q

what is total capillary blood flow equal to

A

cardiac output

31
Q

pressure in blood flow

A

generated by heart to overcome resistance

32
Q

what’s flow proportional to

A

pressure gradient divided by resistance

33
Q

what must the circulatory pressure overcome

A

total peripheral resistance

34
Q

what’s the difference of pressure

A

85mm Hg

35
Q

what’s peripheral resistance affected by

A

blood viscosity
turbulence
vascular resistance

36
Q

vascular resistance

A

due to friction between blood and vessel walls depending on vessel length and diameter

37
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80

38
Q

hypertension

A

abnormal high blood pressure (140/90)

39
Q

hypotension

A

abnormal low blood pressure

40
Q

responses to exercise

A

high hr
high Q
high systolic pressure
redistribution

41
Q

redistribution

A

7-75 ml per 100g to muscle

42
Q

changes in stroke volume

A

increase force of contraction increases stroke volume

43
Q

causes of changes to stroke volume

A

sympathetic ns
adrenaline
increase end diastolic volume = increase stretch of sarcomeres = greater force

44
Q

end diatonic volume law

A

frank starling mechanism (force of contraction proportional to fibre length)

45
Q

factors effecting EDV

A

increase sympathetic nerves
increase blood volume
increase skeletal pump
increase inspiration
=
increase venous pressure = increase atrial pressure. = increase EDV = increase SV

Anatomy and Physiology Semester 2 (9 decks)

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