Control of Flowering

Question 1

Name the types of genes responsible for regulating floral organ identity.

Answer 1

meristem identity genes
floral organ identity genes
cadastral genes

Question 2

encode transcription factors that are necessary for the initial induction of organ identity

Answer 2

meristem identity genes

Question 3

meristem identity genes must be active for – at the shoot to become a floral meristem

Answer 3

immature primordia

Question 4

meristem identity genes must be active for – at apical meristem to become a floral meristem

Answer 4

inflorescence

Question 5

encode transcription factors that directly control floral identity

Answer 5

floral organ identity genes

Question 6

floral organ identity genes are – that act as major developmental switches that activate the genetic program for a particular structure

Answer 6

Homeotic genes

Question 7

encode transcription factors that act as spatial regulators of the floral organ identity genes by setting boundaries for their expression

Answer 7

cadastral genes

Question 8

Ability of an organism to detect day length, to allow an event to occur at a particular time of year

Answer 8

photoperiodism

Question 9

Treatment of a – of a SDP with short photoperiod is enough to trigger flowering in that plant

Answer 9

single leaf

Question 10

Process whereby flowering is promoted by a cold treatment given to a fully hydrated seed or to a growing plant

Answer 10

vernalization

Question 11

Transmissible floral stimulus that is self-propagating

Answer 11

florigen

Question 12

site of perception of the photoperiodic signal

Answer 12

leaf

Question 13

Giving a plant a short flash of light (i.e. a “night break) during a long night cancels the effect of the long-night and disrupts flowering in –

Answer 13

SDPs

Question 14

Giving a plant a short flash of light (i.e. a “night break) during a long night cancels the effect of the long-night and triggers flowering in –

Answer 14

LDPs

Question 15

controls 1st and 2nd whorls

Answer 15

A

Question 16

controls 2nd and 3rd whorls

Answer 16

B

Question 17

controls 3rd and 4th whorls

Answer 17

C

Question 18

loss of A

Answer 18

carpels instead of sepals in 1st whorl and stamens instead of petals in 2nd whorl

Question 19

loss of B

Answer 19

sepals instead of petals in 2nd whorl and carpels instead of stamens in 3rd whorl

Question 20

loss of C

Answer 20

petals instead of stamens in 3rd whorl and new flower instead of carpels in 4th whorl

Question 21

loss of A, B, C

Answer 21

pseudoflower

Question 22

Knocking out class E genes →

Answer 22

leaves in all whorls

Question 23

– produces petals in all whorls

Answer 23

ectopic expression

Question 24

day length exceeds a critical day length –> flowering in

Answer 24

LDPs

Question 25

day length is less than a critical day length

–> flowering in

Answer 25

SDPs

Question 26

plants differ considerably in the – at which they become sensitive to vernalization

Answer 26

age

Question 27

winter annuals respond to low temp – in life cycle

Answer 27

early

Question 28

effective temp range for vernalization is from just below freezing to –

Answer 28

10 degrees C

Question 29

verbalization takes place in

Answer 29

shoot apical meristem

Question 30

vernalization linked to

Answer 30

photoperiod requirement

Question 31

vernalization involves – in gene expression

Answer 31

epigenetic changes

Question 32

epigenetic changes in gene expression that can be passed on through – w/o change in DNA sequence

Answer 32

mitosis

Question 33

florigen is self-propagating given a induced shoot can stimulate flowering in –

Answer 33

repeated grafts