Class 4 Flashcards
crop yields of most species – with fertilization
increase
its absence prevents a plant from completing its life cycle
essential element
7 macronutrients
N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Si
9 micronutrients
Cl, Fe, B, Na, Ni, Mn, Mo,Cu, Zn
roles of nutrients include components of amino acids, nucleic acids and/or chlorophyll
P, N, S, Mg
roles of nutrients include components of cell walls
Si, B
Roles of nutrients include ions for osmotic balancing
Cl, K, Na
roles of nutrients include enzyme cofactors
Ca, Mn
roles of nutrients include components of pigments for redox reactions
Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Zn
essential nutrients can be provided in – such as Knop’s or Hoagland solution
nutrient solutions
nutrient deficiencies: occur at low nutrient concentrations in –, reflected by low concentration in tissues and low plant relative growth rates
soil
when – are abundant, further increases in soil supply may not have an impact on relative growth rate
nutrients
at too-high, – levels, additional nutrients may slow relative growth (soil becomes salty, plant may be droughted or metabolism may be disturbed)
toxic
T/F: nutrient deficiency may include symptoms specific to the nutrient.
true
common deficiencies may appear as yellowing of leaves, –
chlorosis
For – nutrients (N, P, K, and Mg) chlorosis appears especially in old leaves
mobile
For immobile nutrients such as – and – chlorosis appears in young leaves
Ca and S
Deficiency may also induce production of – and a purple color in leaves (N, P)
anthocyanin
roots have extensive –
surface area
rye plant after 16 weeks has more than 500 km of total root length and – of surface area
500 m^2
roots can also go very deep, plants of semi-desert rooting to –
more than 50 m
roots consist of – and laterals
taproot
– at the tip protects the meristem underneath
root cap
root cap secretes – a lubricant
mucigel
3 zones
meristematic zone at tip
elongation zone
maturation zone
root hairs appear in the –zone
maturation
nutrients flow to the root in the soil water moving by bulk flow, but also, nutrients – towards the root
diffuse
right adjacent to the root are – zones as nutrients mobile in the soil have been removed
depletion
to continually absorb these mobile nutrients (N)root must continue – and also to continually absorb soil-immobile nutrients (P)
growing
symbiosis between roots and fungi
mycorrhiza
the mycelium forms a sheath around the roots and penetrates between cortical cells
ectomycorrhizae
the hyphae penetrate into cells of the cortex (but not into the protoplasts)
arbuscular mycorrhizae
because hyphae are so much narrow and profuse than roots, it dramatically increases absorption area and especially help with the acquisition of –
P
