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EEB 162 > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A plant is – branch off the tree of life

A

one

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2
Q

plants have typical characters at the cell level: cellulose cell walls, – and chloroplasts

A

vacuole

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3
Q

– species of plants

A

250k

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4
Q

T/F: chloroplasts evolved way before plants

A

true

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5
Q

Goethe’s – scientist sells soul to devil to get fame

A

Italian Journey

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6
Q

Classic “unified plant” idea: Goethe’s ‘Ur-plant’ all plants are variations on a single unified theme, and that each carries within it the – for huge variation

A

potential

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7
Q

Modern “unified plant” idea: emphasis in much – on ‘model’ plants, with genomes determined, functionally elucidated, modified

A

physiology

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8
Q

Arabidopsis (thale cress) has a small genome, sequenced in 2000, – week life cycle, easy to propagate

A

6

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9
Q

used in classic genetic and molecular biology experiments (McClintock); important fast-growing crop

A

Zea mays (corn, maize)

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10
Q

model especially for flower developmental genetics

A

Antirrhinum (snapdragon)

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11
Q

other model plant species include brassica (cabbage, canola), –, tobacco, and rice

A

tomato

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12
Q

cell wall is rigid, made of cellulose, with –

A

proteins

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13
Q

primary cell walls are –, characteristic of young, growing cells

A

thick

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14
Q

model plants should be able to – fast (easily propagated)

A

grow

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15
Q

plants have typical characters at the whole-plant level:

A

roots, leaves

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16
Q

secondary cell walls have deposited of – so are up to several um thick and stronger

A

lignin

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17
Q

model plants should have – fecundity

A

high

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18
Q

model plants should be – to grow

A

cheap

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19
Q

model plants should be easy to – for genetic experiments

A

manipulate

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20
Q

If a model plant’s genome was –, it would be easier to discover, clone, and transfer genes

A

sequenced

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21
Q

Other important aspects of model plants are that it should be – of most plants in terms of genetics and have variable phenotypes

A

representative

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22
Q

Does arabidopsis have phenotypic plasticity?

A

no

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23
Q

typical body = stem, – and root

A

leaf

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24
Q

softer more flexible cell wall

A

primary wall

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25
Q

– also bridges the cells

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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26
Q

vacuole is the – compartment

A

storage

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27
Q

vacuole can press up against cell membrane/wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

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28
Q

outside the protoplasts, the cell walls also form a continuous space, a potential pathway

A

apoplast

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29
Q

all of the membranes within the cell are –

A

interconnected

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30
Q

vacuole contains water, organic and inorganic ions, —, enzymes, and metabolites

A

sugars

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31
Q

vacuole also serves to degrade cells during –

A

senescence

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32
Q

number of mitochondria depends on – of the cell

A

metabolic activity

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33
Q

T/F: there are many mitochondria in the guard cells

A

true

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34
Q

mitochondria is the site of –

A

respiration

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35
Q

mitochondria are – long

A

3 um

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36
Q

chloroplasts are typically – per cell

A

20-40

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37
Q

chloroplasts are – long

A

5-8 um

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38
Q

site of photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

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39
Q

peroxisomes spherical organelles that function to – compounds and also to break down peroxide, a by product of cellular reactions

A

oxidize

40
Q

tubular extensions of plasma membrane 40-50 nm in diameter that traverse the cell wall and connect two cells

A

plasmodesmata

41
Q

root cap + root apical meristem

A

root apex

42
Q

compounds may be transported between cells, but typically only up to 2 nm in diameter, through the – formed by the plasma membrane and ER in the cavity

A

microchannels

43
Q

because the cytoplasm of most cells is thus continuous, we may conceive of all the living tissue in the plant as connected in one transport pathway

A

symplast

44
Q

outside the protoplasts, the cell walls also form a continuous space, a potential pathway

A

apoplast

45
Q

H+ -ATPase involved in ATP synthesis is found on the mitochondria’s –

A

inner membrane

46
Q

T/F: both mitochondria and chloroplasts make ATP in plants

A

true

47
Q

stack of thylakoids

A

granum

48
Q

where light reactions occur in chloroplasts

A

thylakoid membrane

49
Q

super apoplast

A

xylem

50
Q

super symplast

A

phloem

51
Q

doesn’t need to cross cell membrane so water is best conducted by

A

apoplast

52
Q

large biomolecules are able to move in a controlled manner do it is best conducted by

A

symplast

53
Q

water moves from cell to cell via spaces in the – until it reaches the endodermis

A

cell wall

54
Q

water moves from cell to cell in the cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and –

A

plasmodesmata

55
Q

whole-plant architecture; growth confined to –

A

meristems

56
Q

leaf primordia + shoot apical meristem

A

shoot apex

57
Q

root cap + root apical meristem

A

root apex

58
Q

epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, and root hairs

A

dermal tissue

59
Q

waxy layer that prevents water from evaporating and desiccating leaf

A

cuticle

60
Q

parenchyma and – are present in phloem

A

fibers

61
Q

xylem and phloem are – tissues

A

vascular

62
Q

thin-walled, metabolically active cells, functional in metabolism and photosynthesis

A

parenchyma

63
Q

narrow, elongated cells with thick primary walls, provide structural support to the growing plant body

A

collenchyma

64
Q

collenchyma can – as organs grow

A

stretch

65
Q

usually found in stem periphery and petioles

A

collenchyma

66
Q

consists of two types of cells, sclereids and fibers

A

sclerenchyma

67
Q

both cell types of sclerenchyma have thick secondary walls and are frequently – at maturity

A

dead

68
Q

T/F: sclereids occur in a variety of shapes, ranging from roughly spherical to branched, and are widely distributed throughout the plant

A

true

69
Q

fibers are narrow, elongated and commonly associated with – tissues

A

vascular

70
Q

– provides mechanical support particularly to non-elongating parts of the plant

A

sclerenchyma

71
Q

xylem functions in conduction of water and –

A

nutrients

72
Q

– and sclerenchyma are also present in xylem

A

parenchyma

73
Q

phloem functions in conduction of sugars and –

A

signal molecules

74
Q

conducting tissue of phloem is composed of – (gymnosperms)

A

sieve cells

75
Q

parenchyma and – are present in phloem

A

fibers

76
Q

– have no chloroplasts

A

xylem

77
Q

non photosynthetic plants include – and saprophytic plants

A

parasitic

78
Q

gymnosperms – species

A

700

79
Q

angiosperms – species

A

250,000

80
Q

Wolffia spp

A

duckweed

81
Q

plants can thrive from different percentage of daylight – habitats

A

irradiance

82
Q

plants exist on chronically dry soil, and on – (or submerged in water)

A

ever-wet soil

83
Q

plants exist where temp reach

A

less than negative 40 and greater than 40 degrees C

84
Q

different growth forms: woody, single stem

A

trees

85
Q

different growth forms: woody, multiple stems, shorter

A

shrubs

86
Q

different growth forms: non-woody

A

herbs

87
Q

variation in habitat: clonal populations, epiphytes, and –

A

carnivorous plants

88
Q

diversity in biochemical and metabolism: C3, C4, and – photosynthesis

A

CAM

89
Q

huge range in flower size

A

aroids

90
Q

live with no water

A

nolana

91
Q

spends life in water

A

taxodium

92
Q

full daylight

A

agave

93
Q

adapted to less than 40 degrees C

A

birch tree

94
Q

adapted to > 40 degrees C

A

Joshua tree

95
Q

conducting tissue of phloem is composed of – (angiosperms)

A

sieve tubes

EEB 162 (17 decks)

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