Control of blood water potential

Question 1

where are kidneys located

Answer 1

2 kidney at the back of the abdominal cavity one on each side of the spinal cord

Question 2

fibrous capsule

Answer 2

an outer membrane that protects the kidney

Question 3

cortex

Answer 3

a lighter coloured outer region made up of renal (bowsmans) capsule, convulated tubules and blood vessels

Question 4

medulla

Answer 4

a darker coloured inner region made up of loops of henle collecting duct and blood vessels

Question 5

renal pelvis

Answer 5

a funnel- shaped cavity that collects urine into the ureter

Question 6

ureter

Answer 6

a tube that carries urine to the bladder

Question 7

renal artery

Answer 7

supplies the kidney with blood form the heart via the aorta

Question 8

renal vein

Answer 8

returns blood to the heart via the vena cava

Question 9

what is the nephron

Answer 9

• functional unit of the kidney
• narrow tube up to 14 mm long
• closed at one end
• has two twisited regions separated by a long hairpin loop

Question 10

what is the renal (Bowman) capsule in the nephron

Answer 10

• closed end at the Start of the nephron
• cup shaped
• surrounds a mass of blood capillaries (glomerulus)
• inner capsule made up of podocytes

Question 11

what is the proximal convulated tublue in the nephron

Answer 11

• a series of loops surrounded by blood
• walls are made of epithelial cells which have micro villi

Question 12

what is the loop of henle in the nephrom

Answer 12

• long hairpin loop that extends from the cortex into the medulla of the kidney and back again
• surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 13

what is the distal convulated tubule

Answer 13

• a series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries
• walls made up of epithelial cells
• surrounded by less capillaries than the proximal tubule

Question 14

what is the collecting duct in the nephron

Answer 14

• a tube with a number of distal convulated tubules from a number of nephron empty
• lined by epithelial cells
• becomes increasingly wide as it empties into the pelvic of the kidney

Question 15

what is the afferent arteriole in the kidney

Answer 15

• a tiny vessel that arises from the renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood
• enters the renal capsule of the nephron where it forms the glomerulus

Question 16

what is the glomerulus in the kidney

Answer 16

• many branched knots of capillaries from which fluid is forced out of the blood

Question 17

what is the efferent arteriole in the kidney

Answer 17

• a tiny vessel that leaves the renal capsule
• has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole and so causes an increase in the blood pressure when the glomerulus
• carries blood away form the renal capsule and later branches to form the blood capillaries

Question 18

blood capillaries in the kidney

Answer 18

• concentrated network of capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules, the loop of henle and the distal convulated tubules form which they reabsorb mineral slats glucose and water

Question 19

function of the kidney

Answer 19

maintain the water potential of plasma and hence tissue fluids