20.6 Genome Project Flashcards
8.3
1
Q
what is a genome
A
all the genetic material in an organism
2
Q
how much base pairs are in the human genome
A
- 3 million base pairs
- organised into 20,000 genes
3
Q
what is bioinformatics
A
- the science of collecting and analysing complex biological data
- uses computers to read,store and organise biological data at a faster rate
- utilise algorithms to analyse and interpret biological data
4
Q
what is whole genome shotgun (WGS)
A
- cutting DNA into small easily sequenced segments to assemble the entire genome
- rapid sequencing of the whole genome
5
Q
single nucleotide polymoprhisms (SNPs)
A
- over 1.4 million SNPs have been found in the human genome
- single based variations in the genome that are associated with disease and disorders
- medical screening of individuals has allowed quick identification of potential medical problems and for early intervention to treat them
- sequencing of DNA of different organisms have made it possible to establish the evolutionary links between species
6
Q
what is the proteome
A
- all the proteins produced in a given type of cell or organism at a given time under specific conditions
7
Q
why is determining the proteome of prokaryotic organisms like bacteria easy
A
- The vast majority of prokaryotes have just one circular piece of DNA that is not associated with histone
- there are none of the non coding portions of DNA which are typical of eukaryotic cells
8
Q
application if knowing the proteome of bacteria
A
- identifacation if proteins that act as a ntigens on the surface of human pathogens
- antigens can be used in vaccines agaisnt diesease casued by these pathogens
- in vaccines antigens can be manufactured and administrated to people in appropriate doses
- in response to antigens memory cells are produced which trigger a secondary response when the antigen is encountered on a second occasion
9
Q
determining the genome and proteome of complex organism
A
- genome of complex organisms contain non coding genes as well as others that have a role in regulating other genes
- in humans 1.5% of genes code for proteins
- all individual have different base sequences on their DNA so DNA mapped will differ for everyone