20.6 Genome Project Flashcards

8.3

1
Q

what is a genome

A

all the genetic material in an organism

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2
Q

how much base pairs are in the human genome

A
  • 3 million base pairs
  • organised into 20,000 genes
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3
Q

what is bioinformatics

A
  • the science of collecting and analysing complex biological data
  • uses computers to read,store and organise biological data at a faster rate
  • utilise algorithms to analyse and interpret biological data
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4
Q

what is whole genome shotgun (WGS)

A
  • cutting DNA into small easily sequenced segments to assemble the entire genome
  • rapid sequencing of the whole genome
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5
Q

single nucleotide polymoprhisms (SNPs)

A
  • over 1.4 million SNPs have been found in the human genome
  • single based variations in the genome that are associated with disease and disorders
  • medical screening of individuals has allowed quick identification of potential medical problems and for early intervention to treat them
  • sequencing of DNA of different organisms have made it possible to establish the evolutionary links between species
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6
Q

what is the proteome

A
  • all the proteins produced in a given type of cell or organism at a given time under specific conditions
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7
Q

why is determining the proteome of prokaryotic organisms like bacteria easy

A
  1. The vast majority of prokaryotes have just one circular piece of DNA that is not associated with histone
  2. there are none of the non coding portions of DNA which are typical of eukaryotic cells
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8
Q

application if knowing the proteome of bacteria

A
  1. identifacation if proteins that act as a ntigens on the surface of human pathogens
  2. antigens can be used in vaccines agaisnt diesease casued by these pathogens
  3. in vaccines antigens can be manufactured and administrated to people in appropriate doses
  4. in response to antigens memory cells are produced which trigger a secondary response when the antigen is encountered on a second occasion
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9
Q

determining the genome and proteome of complex organism

A
  • genome of complex organisms contain non coding genes as well as others that have a role in regulating other genes
  • in humans 1.5% of genes code for proteins
  • all individual have different base sequences on their DNA so DNA mapped will differ for everyone
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