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nat 5 biolgy > Control and Communication > Flashcards

Control and Communication Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

homeostasis is a corrective mechanism used to maintain a stable internal environment within the body.

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2
Q

why do you need homeostasis

A

to maintain a stable bodily environment which is essential to allow our cells to function properly.

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3
Q

name 3 factors regulated by homeostasis

A

body temperature, body water content, blood glucose levels.

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4
Q

how does your body react to an increase in temperature?

A

increased rate of sweating
vasodilation-red cheeks-radiates heat out of body
skin hairs lie flat

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5
Q

how does your body react to a decrease in body temperature

A

decreased rate of sweating
divert blood away from skin
skin hairs stand upright
shivering-generates heat

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6
Q

what does the endocrine system do

A

the endocrine system plays a vital role in enabling different ares of the body to communicate with each other in order to regulate their internal body conditions.

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7
Q

what are hormones

A

hormones are protein molecules that act as chemical messengers
they play a vital role in regulation blood glucose

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8
Q

where are hormones produced

A

hormones are produced by endocrine glands

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9
Q

how do hormones travel

A

blood stream

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10
Q

how do hormones work

A

hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone

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11
Q

how do hormones work

A

hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone

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12
Q

what endocrine gland is involved in the regulation of blood glucose

A

pancreas

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13
Q

what hormones does the pancreas release

A

insulin and glucagon
(target tissue = liver)

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14
Q

what could cause blood glucose levels to increase/decrease

A

increase = food intake
decrease = lack of food, exercise

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15
Q

describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels.

A

-the pancreas detects an increase in blood glucose levels.
-insulin is released from the pancreas and travels through the blood stream to act on the liver.
-excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored inside the liver
-blood glucose levels return to normal

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16
Q

describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation

A

insulin
glucose———>glycogen

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17
Q

describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels

A
  • the pancreas detects a decrease in blood glucose levels.
    -glucagon is released from the pancreas and travel through the bloodstream to act on the liver.
    -Glycogen is converted to glucose and released into the bloodstream.
    -blood glucose returns to normal
18
Q

describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation

A

glucagon
glycogen—————>glucose

19
Q

what is diabetes

A

a disease that prevents the body being able to produce/respond to insulin

20
Q

state 4 risk factors associated with diabetes

A

obesity
genetics
lack of exercise
high sugar diet

21
Q

what is the cause and treatment of type 1 diabetes

A

caused by pancreas failing to produce insulin

treated by daily insulin intake

22
Q

what is the cause and treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

caused by loss of insulin receptor function at the liver

treated by a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle choices, exercises

23
Q

What is the nervous system composed of ?

A

Brain, spinal cord and other nerves

24
Q

What is the C.N.S made of

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

25
Q

What are the three parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, medulla and Cerebellum

26
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A

Controls balance and coordination of movement

27
Q

What is the role of the Medulla

A

Controls breathing rate and H.R. (unconscious activities)

28
Q

What is the role of the cerebrum

A

Controls conscience though, memory and speech.

29
Q

What does transmission of electrical impulses through the nervous system allow the body to do ?

A

Respond to changes in environmental stimuli.

30
Q

How does your nervous system detect changes in our environment.

A

Our five main sensory organs have receptors that detect stimuli from within our environment.

31
Q

How does your body react to changes in the environment

A

The body has many different effectors that carry out a response to detected stimuli (muscle and glands)

32
Q

What do neurones do

A

Neurone carry message rapidly in the form of electrical impulses to and from the CNS

33
Q

What are the three types of neuron

A

Sensory, inter, motor

34
Q

What is the role of the sensory neuron

A

Carries an electrical impulse form the receptor to an inter neuron in the CNS

35
Q

What is the role of an inter neuron

A

Carries an electrical impulse within the CNS allowing information to be processed

36
Q

What is the role of the motor neuron

A

Carries an electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector for a response to be made

37
Q

What is a synapse

A

The small gap located between two neurones

38
Q

How are messages relayed between nerves

A

Diffusion of chemicals at the synapse

39
Q

What is a reflex action ?

A

Reflex actions are rapid and automatic responses that are used to protect the body from harmful stimuli (R.A.P)
These actions are mediated by the spinal cord.
These actions do not involve the Brian.

40
Q

What is the role of the inter neurone in a reflex ark

A

Carries an electrical impulse across the spinal cord allowing information to be processed

41
Q

Name three examples of a reflex action

A

Coughing, sneezing and dilation/constrictions of pupils

42
Q

describe 3 differences between nerve and hormone signals

A

1) nerve signals are electrical and chemical, hormones are chemical
2) hormones travel in the bloodstream, nerve messages travel along nerves.
3) hormones messages travel slower than nerve signals

nat 5 biolgy (15 decks)

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