Control and Communication Flashcards
what is homeostasis
homeostasis is a corrective mechanism used to maintain a stable internal environment within the body.
why do you need homeostasis
to maintain a stable bodily environment which is essential to allow our cells to function properly.
name 3 factors regulated by homeostasis
body temperature, body water content, blood glucose levels.
how does your body react to an increase in temperature?
increased rate of sweating
vasodilation-red cheeks-radiates heat out of body
skin hairs lie flat
how does your body react to a decrease in body temperature
decreased rate of sweating
divert blood away from skin
skin hairs stand upright
shivering-generates heat
what does the endocrine system do
the endocrine system plays a vital role in enabling different ares of the body to communicate with each other in order to regulate their internal body conditions.
what are hormones
hormones are protein molecules that act as chemical messengers
they play a vital role in regulation blood glucose
where are hormones produced
hormones are produced by endocrine glands
how do hormones travel
blood stream
how do hormones work
hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone
how do hormones work
hormones bind to complimentary receptors proteins on the surface of target cells,
Binding oh a hormone to complementary receptor proteins ensure that only specific cells are effected by the action of a particular hormone
what endocrine gland is involved in the regulation of blood glucose
pancreas
what hormones does the pancreas release
insulin and glucagon
(target tissue = liver)
what could cause blood glucose levels to increase/decrease
increase = food intake
decrease = lack of food, exercise
describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels.
-the pancreas detects an increase in blood glucose levels.
-insulin is released from the pancreas and travels through the blood stream to act on the liver.
-excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored inside the liver
-blood glucose levels return to normal
describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation
insulin
glucose———>glycogen
describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels
- the pancreas detects a decrease in blood glucose levels.
-glucagon is released from the pancreas and travel through the bloodstream to act on the liver.
-Glycogen is converted to glucose and released into the bloodstream.
-blood glucose returns to normal
describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels in a word equation
glucagon
glycogen—————>glucose
what is diabetes
a disease that prevents the body being able to produce/respond to insulin
state 4 risk factors associated with diabetes
obesity
genetics
lack of exercise
high sugar diet
what is the cause and treatment of type 1 diabetes
caused by pancreas failing to produce insulin
treated by daily insulin intake
what is the cause and treatment of type 2 diabetes
caused by loss of insulin receptor function at the liver
treated by a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle choices, exercises
What is the nervous system composed of ?
Brain, spinal cord and other nerves
What is the C.N.S made of
Brain and Spinal Cord
What are the three parts of the brain
Cerebrum, medulla and Cerebellum
What is the role of the cerebellum
Controls balance and coordination of movement
What is the role of the Medulla
Controls breathing rate and H.R. (unconscious activities)
What is the role of the cerebrum
Controls conscience though, memory and speech.
What does transmission of electrical impulses through the nervous system allow the body to do ?
Respond to changes in environmental stimuli.
How does your nervous system detect changes in our environment.
Our five main sensory organs have receptors that detect stimuli from within our environment.
How does your body react to changes in the environment
The body has many different effectors that carry out a response to detected stimuli (muscle and glands)
What do neurones do
Neurone carry message rapidly in the form of electrical impulses to and from the CNS
What are the three types of neuron
Sensory, inter, motor
What is the role of the sensory neuron
Carries an electrical impulse form the receptor to an inter neuron in the CNS
What is the role of an inter neuron
Carries an electrical impulse within the CNS allowing information to be processed
What is the role of the motor neuron
Carries an electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector for a response to be made
What is a synapse
The small gap located between two neurones
How are messages relayed between nerves
Diffusion of chemicals at the synapse
What is a reflex action ?
Reflex actions are rapid and automatic responses that are used to protect the body from harmful stimuli (R.A.P)
These actions are mediated by the spinal cord.
These actions do not involve the Brian.
What is the role of the inter neurone in a reflex ark
Carries an electrical impulse across the spinal cord allowing information to be processed
Name three examples of a reflex action
Coughing, sneezing and dilation/constrictions of pupils
describe 3 differences between nerve and hormone signals
1) nerve signals are electrical and chemical, hormones are chemical
2) hormones travel in the bloodstream, nerve messages travel along nerves.
3) hormones messages travel slower than nerve signals
