respiration Flashcards
what is respiration
a series of enzymes controlled reactions used by all cells to release the chemical energy stored within glucose
what cell functions do cells need energy for
mitosis, muscle contraction, active transport, transmission of nerve impulses and protein synthesis
(MMATS)
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
what is the difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration
fermintation = no oxygen
aerobic respiration =oxygen
describe stage 1 or aerobic respiration
glucose broken down into 2x pyruvate
no oxygen required
yields 2 ATP
takes place in the cytoplasm
describe stage 2 of aerobic respiration
pyruvate further broken down into carbon dioxide and water
Yields 36 ATP
oxygen required
takes place in the mitochondria
describe stage 2 of aerobic respiration
pyruvate further broken down into carbon dioxide and water
Yields 36 ATP
oxygen required
takes place in the mitochondria
describe fermentation in animal cells
stage 1 same as aerobic respiration
takes place when no oxygen is present
takes place in the cytoplasm
pyruvate converted into lactate in stage 2
stage 2 yields no ATP
lactate can turn back to pyruvate if oxygen is present
describe fermentation in plant cells
stage 1 same as aerobic respiration
takes place when no oxygen available
takes place in cytoplasm
stage 2 yields no ATP
stage 2- pyruvate broken down into ethanol and CO2
what is used to measure the rate of respiration
respirometer
why is respiration temperature dependant
the enzymes which control respiration are effected by temperature
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen ——> CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
what is the word equation for animal fermentation
glucose —–> lactate + energy
what is the word equation for fermentation in plant cells?
glucose —–> ethanol + CO2 + energy
what are the products of aerobic respiration?
Energy (ATP), Water and C02
