Animal Transport Systems Flashcards
what are 3 main components of the blood
1) red blood cells
2)white blood cells
3)plasma
what is the main function of the blood
transport oxygen, but also C02 and nutrients
what is the function of plasma
-carries the red an white blood cells
-contains proteins (such as antibodies or hormones)
-carries nutrients
-transports some carbon dioxide gas
what is the function of the red blood cells
to transport oxygen effectively around the body, in the form of oxyhaemoglobin
red blood cells are highly specialised cells to allow them to carry out this important function, what are their specialisations
biconcave shape - larger surface area for oxygen to diffuse in/out cell.
no nucleus - creates more space for haemoglobin (more oxygen can be transported)
contains haemoglobin - this chemical combines with oxygen to allow it to be to be transported in the form of oxyhaemoglobin
what is haemoglobin
haemoglobin is a protein molecule present in the red blood cells which combines with oxygen to transport this oxygen around the body
describe the interaction between haemoglobin and oxygen
when oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin to transport oxygen more efficiently
what is the word equation for oxygen combining with haemoglobin
haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin
where in the body do red blood cells pick up oxygen
lungs
where does red blood cells transport oxygen to
tissues/cells
what is the function of white blood cells
part of the immune system and involved in destroying pathogens
what are pathogens
disease causing micro-organisms
RBC vs WBC
RBC WBC
small large
present in large numbers small numbers
contain no nucleus has a nucleus
has a rigid shape can change shape
what are the 2 main types of white blood cell
lymphocytes and phagocytes
what is the function of lymphocytes
function is to produce anti-bodies which destroy pathogens. Each ant-body is specific to a particular pathogen (antigens)
what is the function of phagocytes
function is to carry out phagocytosis by engulfing(eating) and killing pathogens.
what are the three types of blood vessels
veins, arteries and capillaries
what are the features and function of arteries
1) thick walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
2) muscular walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
3)narrow central channel (lumen)
function- arteries carry blood at high pressure away from the heart
what are the features and function of capillaries
1)thin walls (allows for gas exchange)
2) large surface area (helps gas exchange)
3)form networks at tissues and organs
function - exchange of materials between blood and tissues/cells
what process is oxygen needed for in the cells and tissues
aerobic respiration
what is the structure and function of veins
1) thinner walls
2)wider central channels
3)contains valves (prevents blood back-flow)
function - veins carry blood at low pressure back towards and into the heart
what is the function of the heart
to pump blood around the body
what type of blood does the right side of the heart carry
de-oxygenated blood - rich in C02
what type of blood does the left side of the heart carry
oxygenated blood - rich in oxygenated
what is the function of atria
to receive blood from the body/lungs
what is the function of ventricles
to pump blood back to the body/lung
what are the 4 chamber of the heart
right ventricle, right atrium, left atrium and left ventriclr
what is the function of the valves
prevents the back-flow of blood ensuring blood flows in one direction through the heart
what are the 4 main blood vessels in/out the heart
vena cavas, pulmonary arteries, aorta and pulmonary veins
what is the function of the vena cava
to carry blood from the body into the right atrium (vein, de-oxygenated blood)
what is the function of the pulmonary artery
to carry blood away from the heart, out of the right ventricle towards to lungs (artery, de-oxygenated blood)
what is the function of the pulmonary vein
to carry blood from the lungs toward the heart, into the left atrium (vein, oxygenated blood)
what is the function of the aorta
to carry blood out of the left ventricle and heart, towards the body (artery, oxygenated blood)
what is the left side of the heart like
bigger, thicker walls and stronger to pump blood to the entire body
what is the function of the coronary arteries
to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
describe the flow of blood through the heart and body
LA(Ox) ->Lv(ox)->Aorta->body (delivers oxygen,A.E)-
-> vena cava (DOX)->RA(DOX)->RV(DOX)->pulmonary artery(DOX) -> lungs(picks up 02, deposits C02, respiration)-> pulmonary vein (OX)
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle
The left ventricle needs to pump blood all the way around the entire body (further distance) so it needs stronger and bigger muscle to do this
Describe the need for absorption
Oxygen and other vital nutrients from food must be absorbed into the
bloodstream and delivered to cells for respiration.
Waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, must be removed from cells into the
blood stream.
Tissues of the body are surrounded by large capillary networks that allow th
exchange of materials at cellular level
What are two examples of structures which play major roles in the absorption of nutrients
Alveoli in the lungs
Villi in the small intestine
Describe gas exchange in the Lungs
Carbon dioxide will diffuse from the blood into the alveoli
Oxygen will diffuse from the alveoli into the blood
What is digestion
Digestion is the break down if large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood stream
What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of carbohydrates and what are they digested into
They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into glucose
What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of protein and what are they digested into
They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into amino acids
What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of fats and what are they digested into
They are absorbed by the lacteal, they are digested into fatty acids and glycerol
What are the three structure of a villi
Thin lining, blood capillaries and the lacteal
what is the function of the lacteal
to absorb fatty acids and glycerol
what is the function of the blood capillaries in the villi
to absorb glucose and amino acids
what features of alveoli and villi increase the efficiency of absorption
1) thin walls
2) large surface area
3) extensive blood supply
