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nat 5 biolgy > Animal Transport Systems > Flashcards

Animal Transport Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 main components of the blood

A

1) red blood cells
2)white blood cells
3)plasma

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2
Q

what is the main function of the blood

A

transport oxygen, but also C02 and nutrients

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3
Q

what is the function of plasma

A

-carries the red an white blood cells
-contains proteins (such as antibodies or hormones)
-carries nutrients
-transports some carbon dioxide gas

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4
Q

what is the function of the red blood cells

A

to transport oxygen effectively around the body, in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

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5
Q

red blood cells are highly specialised cells to allow them to carry out this important function, what are their specialisations

A

biconcave shape - larger surface area for oxygen to diffuse in/out cell.
no nucleus - creates more space for haemoglobin (more oxygen can be transported)
contains haemoglobin - this chemical combines with oxygen to allow it to be to be transported in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

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6
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

haemoglobin is a protein molecule present in the red blood cells which combines with oxygen to transport this oxygen around the body

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7
Q

describe the interaction between haemoglobin and oxygen

A

when oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin to transport oxygen more efficiently

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8
Q

what is the word equation for oxygen combining with haemoglobin

A

haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin

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9
Q

where in the body do red blood cells pick up oxygen

A

lungs

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10
Q

where does red blood cells transport oxygen to

A

tissues/cells

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11
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A

part of the immune system and involved in destroying pathogens

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12
Q

what are pathogens

A

disease causing micro-organisms

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13
Q

RBC vs WBC

A

RBC WBC
small large
present in large numbers small numbers
contain no nucleus has a nucleus
has a rigid shape can change shape

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14
Q

what are the 2 main types of white blood cell

A

lymphocytes and phagocytes

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15
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes

A

function is to produce anti-bodies which destroy pathogens. Each ant-body is specific to a particular pathogen (antigens)

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16
Q

what is the function of phagocytes

A

function is to carry out phagocytosis by engulfing(eating) and killing pathogens.

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17
Q

what are the three types of blood vessels

A

veins, arteries and capillaries

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18
Q

what are the features and function of arteries

A

1) thick walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
2) muscular walls (helps to withstand high pressure)
3)narrow central channel (lumen)

function- arteries carry blood at high pressure away from the heart

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19
Q

what are the features and function of capillaries

A

1)thin walls (allows for gas exchange)
2) large surface area (helps gas exchange)
3)form networks at tissues and organs

function - exchange of materials between blood and tissues/cells

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20
Q

what process is oxygen needed for in the cells and tissues

A

aerobic respiration

21
Q

what is the structure and function of veins

A

1) thinner walls
2)wider central channels
3)contains valves (prevents blood back-flow)

function - veins carry blood at low pressure back towards and into the heart

22
Q

what is the function of the heart

A

to pump blood around the body

23
Q

what type of blood does the right side of the heart carry

A

de-oxygenated blood - rich in C02

24
Q

what type of blood does the left side of the heart carry

A

oxygenated blood - rich in oxygenated

25
Q

what is the function of atria

A

to receive blood from the body/lungs

26
Q

what is the function of ventricles

A

to pump blood back to the body/lung

27
Q

what are the 4 chamber of the heart

A

right ventricle, right atrium, left atrium and left ventriclr

28
Q

what is the function of the valves

A

prevents the back-flow of blood ensuring blood flows in one direction through the heart

29
Q

what are the 4 main blood vessels in/out the heart

A

vena cavas, pulmonary arteries, aorta and pulmonary veins

30
Q

what is the function of the vena cava

A

to carry blood from the body into the right atrium (vein, de-oxygenated blood)

31
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

A

to carry blood away from the heart, out of the right ventricle towards to lungs (artery, de-oxygenated blood)

32
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary vein

A

to carry blood from the lungs toward the heart, into the left atrium (vein, oxygenated blood)

33
Q

what is the function of the aorta

A

to carry blood out of the left ventricle and heart, towards the body (artery, oxygenated blood)

34
Q

what is the left side of the heart like

A

bigger, thicker walls and stronger to pump blood to the entire body

35
Q

what is the function of the coronary arteries

A

to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

36
Q

describe the flow of blood through the heart and body

A

LA(Ox) ->Lv(ox)->Aorta->body (delivers oxygen,A.E)-
-> vena cava (DOX)->RA(DOX)->RV(DOX)->pulmonary artery(DOX) -> lungs(picks up 02, deposits C02, respiration)-> pulmonary vein (OX)

37
Q

Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle

A

The left ventricle needs to pump blood all the way around the entire body (further distance) so it needs stronger and bigger muscle to do this

38
Q

Describe the need for absorption

A

Oxygen and other vital nutrients from food must be absorbed into the
bloodstream and delivered to cells for respiration.
Waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, must be removed from cells into the
blood stream.
Tissues of the body are surrounded by large capillary networks that allow th
exchange of materials at cellular level

39
Q

What are two examples of structures which play major roles in the absorption of nutrients

A

Alveoli in the lungs
Villi in the small intestine

40
Q

Describe gas exchange in the Lungs

A

Carbon dioxide will diffuse from the blood into the alveoli
Oxygen will diffuse from the alveoli into the blood

41
Q

What is digestion

A

Digestion is the break down if large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood stream

42
Q

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of carbohydrates and what are they digested into

A

They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into glucose

43
Q

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of protein and what are they digested into

A

They are absorbed by the capillaries, they are digested into amino acids

44
Q

What structure in the villi absorbs the food molecule of fats and what are they digested into

A

They are absorbed by the lacteal, they are digested into fatty acids and glycerol

45
Q

What are the three structure of a villi

A

Thin lining, blood capillaries and the lacteal

46
Q

what is the function of the lacteal

A

to absorb fatty acids and glycerol

47
Q

what is the function of the blood capillaries in the villi

A

to absorb glucose and amino acids

48
Q

what features of alveoli and villi increase the efficiency of absorption

A

1) thin walls
2) large surface area
3) extensive blood supply

nat 5 biolgy (15 decks)

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