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BCBA Exam > Content Area 2 > Flashcards

Content Area 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of science

A

To understand the phenomenon under study

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2
Q

Definition of science

A

A systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena, evidenced by description, prediction, and control.

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3
Q

Science relies on

A

Determination (fundamental assumption), Empiricism (prime directive), Experimentation (basic strategy), Replication (necessary for believability), Parsimony (conservative value), and Philosophic doubt (guiding conscience)

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4
Q

Determination

A

Presumption that the universe is lawful and orderly so all phenomena occur as the result of other events

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5
Q

Empiricism

A

Practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest

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6
Q

Experimentation

A

Study of a phenomena through systematically controlled and manipulated methods while carefully observing the effects of the event under study

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7
Q

Replication

A

Repetition of experiment and results; allows for determination of reliability

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8
Q

Parsimony

A

Requires all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena under investigation to be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex/abstract explanations are considered (choose simplest explanation)

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9
Q

Philosophic doubt

A

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

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10
Q

In reinforcement and punishment, positive means

A

To add something

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11
Q

In reinforcement and punishment, negative means

A

To take away something

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12
Q

DISC

A

Important things to consider in reinforcement: deprivation, immediacy, size, contingency

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13
Q

Reinforcement

A

Increases probability of a behavior occurring in the future

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14
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future

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15
Q

Arbitrariness of behavior

A

Reinforcement strengthens the behavior that precedes it so you can accidentally reinforce arbitrary behavior

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16
Q

What is ABA?

A

Application of systematic environmental modifications to produce socially significant improvements in behavior

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17
Q

ABA focuses on

A

Objectively defined, observable behavior

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18
Q

ABA demonstrates

A

Reliable relationship between procedures employed and the behavior improvement

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19
Q

Methods used in ABA

A

Description, quantification, and analysis

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20
Q

Applied

A

Study socially significant behavior

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21
Q

Behavioral

A

Behavior studied is observable and measurable

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22
Q

Analytic

A

A functional relation is demonstrated between manipulated events and behavior

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23
Q

Technological

A

Procedures used are identified and precisely described

24
Q

Conceptually systematic

A

Changes observed are described in terms of relevant basic principles

25
Q

Effective

A

Behavior must be improved to a practical degree that is of social importance

26
Q

Generality

A

Changes in behavior last over time and appear in other environments

27
Q

Premark Principle (Grandma’s law)

A

Making access to one behavior contingent on another behavior

28
Q

Response-Deprivation hypothesis

A

Restrict access to one behavior so that behavior acts as reinforcement for another behavior (e.g. no TV all day, if you finish hw, you can watch TV)

29
Q

Measurement systems

A

Frequency, rate, duration, latency, interval systems

30
Q

Interval systems

A

Partial, whole, momentary time sampling

31
Q

Components of an FBA

A
  1. Indirect assessment
  2. Direct assessment
  3. Functional analysis (optional)
  4. Develop hypothesis
  5. Intervention planning
32
Q

Functions of behavior

A

Attention, tangible, escape, automatic

33
Q

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

A

Every response is reinforced

34
Q

Fixed interval

A

Reinforcement after set amount of time

35
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Reinforcement after set number of responses

36
Q

Variable interval

A

Reinforcement after average but variable amount of time

37
Q

Variable ratio

A

Reinforcement after average but variable number of responses

38
Q

Examples of negative punishment

A

Response-cost; Time out

39
Q

Response-cost

A

Earring tokens through token system; lose tokens for inappropriate behavior

40
Q

Time-out

A

Removing a student from all sources of positive reinforcement as a consequence for a specific undesired behavior

41
Q

Prediction

A

Second level of scientific understanding that occurs when repeated observations reveal that two events consistently covary with one another. Correlation can be used to predict the relative probability that one event will occur based on the presence of another

42
Q

Control

A

The highest level of scientific understanding; demonstrated in ABA research through functional relations

43
Q

Functional relation

A

When a well-controlled experiment reveals that a specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV), and the change was unlikely to be the result of another extraneous factor (confounding variables)

44
Q

Description

A

Systematic observation that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts

45
Q

John B Watson

A

Spokesman for behaviorism. He was interested in environmental stimuli (S) and the responses (R) they evoke. Watsonian behaviorism became known as stimulus-response (S-R) psychology

46
Q

Respondent behavior

A

Reflexive behavior that occurs whenever the eliciting stimulus is presented (Originated from Pavlov)

47
Q

S-R-S

A

Three term contingency (originated from Skinner)

48
Q

Operant behavior

A

Not elicited by preceding stimuli but influenced by stimulus changes that have followed the behavior in the past

49
Q

Experimental analysis of behavior

A

Name that Skinner gave to the analysis of operant behavior

50
Q

Mentalism

A

Assumes some “inner” dimension exists in people that determines their behavior, independent of the environment

51
Q

Explanatory fiction

A

A fictitious variable that often is simply another name for the observed behavior that contributes nothing to an understanding of the behavior

52
Q

Radical behaviorism

A

Seeks to understand all human behavior including public and private events (aka Skinner’s behaviorism)

53
Q

Methodological behaviorism

A

Acknowledges the existence of mental events, but consider them outside the realm of scientific account.

54
Q

Applied behavior analysis is

A

The science in which tactics based on the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.

55
Q

The basic research branch of ABA is

A

Experimental analysis of behavior

BCBA Exam (10 decks)

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