Chap 25 Verbal Behavior

Question 1

Formal properties vs. functional properties of language

Answer 1

Formal: form, structure
Functional: causes of the response

Question 2

Topography

Answer 2

Phonemes, morphemes, lexicon, syntax, grammar, semantics

Question 3

Skinner’s theory of language

Answer 3

Language is learned behavior, that is acquired, extended, and maintained by the same types of environmental variables and principles that control non language behavior

Question 4

Verbal behavior

Answer 4

Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior; involves a social interaction between speaker and listener

Question 5

Speaker

Answer 5

Gain access to reinforcement and control environment through the behavior of the listener

Question 6

Verbal operant

Answer 6

The unit of analysis of verbal behavior; operant implies a type of class of behavior as distinct from a particular response

Question 7

Verbal repertoire

Answer 7

Set of verbal operant

Question 8

6 elementary verbal operants

Answer 8

Mand, tact, echoic, intraverbal, textual, transcription

Question 9

Mand

Answer 9

A verbal operant for which the form of the response is under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement (only type of verbal behavior that directly benefits the speaker)

Question 10

Tact

Answer 10

Speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the senses; under the functional control of a nonverbal SD and produces generalized conditioned reinforcement

Question 11

Echoic

Answer 11

Speaker repeats verbal behavior of another speaker ; controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response

Question 12

Point-to-point correspondence

Answer 12

Occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches those of the response

Question 13

Formal similarity

Answer 13

When the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product share the same sense mode and physically resemble each other

Question 14

Intraverbal

Answer 14

Speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of another; occurs when a verbal discriminative stimulus evokes a verbal response that does not have point-to-point correspondence with the verbal stimulus (they do not match)

Question 15

Textual

Answer 15

Reading, without any implications that the reader understands what is being read; has point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity; different from echoic in that the response product is not similar to its controlling stimulus

Question 16

Transcription

Answer 16

Writing and spelling words that are spoken; accurate spelling of spoken word ; point to point correspondence but no formal similarity

Question 17

Role of the listener

Answer 17

Mediator of reinforcement for speaker’s behavior; and discriminative stimulus for the speaker’s behavior

Question 18

Audience for verbal behavior

Answer 18

Discriminative stimulus in the presence of which verbal behavior is characteristically reinforced

Question 19

Generic extension

Answer 19

The novel stimulus shares all of the relevant or defining features of the original stimulus

Question 20

Metaphorical extension

Answer 20

Novel stimulus shares some but not all relevant features of the original stimulus

Question 21

Metonymical extension

Answer 21

Verbal responses to novel stimuli that share none of the relevant features of the original stimulus configuration, but some irrelevant but related feature has acquired stimulus control (say “Car” while shown a picture of a garage)

Question 22

Solistic extension

Answer 22

A stimulus property that is indirectly related to the tact relation evokes sub-standard verbal behavior such as malaprop (e.g. saying car when referring to the driver)

Question 23

Public accompaniment

Answer 23

When an observable stimulus accompanies a private one (e.g. father observes a child bump his head)

Question 24

Collateral responses

Answer 24

Observable behavior that reliably occur with private stimuli

Question 25

Convergent multiple control

Answer 25

When the occurrence of a single verbal response is a function of more than one variable

Question 26

Divergent multiple control

Answer 26

When a single antecedent variable affects the strength of many responses

Question 27

Thematic verbal operants

Answer 27

Mands, tacts, intraverbals; involve different topographies controlled by a common variable

Question 28

Formal verbal operants

Answer 28

Echoic and textual; controlled by a common variable with point-to-point correspondence

Question 29

Impure tact

Answer 29

MO affects the tact relation

Question 30

Autoclitic relation

Answer 30

When a speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as an SD or MO for additional speaker verbal behavior; verbal behavior about a speaker’s own verbal behavior

Question 31

Autoclitic tact

Answer 31

Informs the listener of some nonverbal aspect of the primary verbal operant and is controlled by nonverbal stimuli

Question 32

Autoclitic mand

Answer 32

A specific MO controls the autoclitic mand and its role is to mand the listener to react in some specific way to the primary verbal operant