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3 APC_J Brookes > Construction Technology > Flashcards

Construction Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to understand construction technology?

A

Awareness of construction methodologies so that you can build up rates and produce cost plans

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2
Q

What is cold bridging?

A

Compromised penetration of insulation. Heat escapes.

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3
Q

Can you name some banned substances?

A

Asbestos
Lead paint

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4
Q

What is ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ construction?

A

Top Down:
Speed up construction
Floor slab is formed with hatch for excavation

Bottom Up:
Traditional and simple
Form basement and work up
Longer programme

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5
Q

What is scabbling?

A

Piston driven head to break up concrete
Thin layer removed
Rougher surface for better grip

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6
Q

What are the benefits of external walls?

A

Fire resistance
Weather protection
Thermal performance
Sound reduction

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7
Q

Can you give examples of temporary works?

A

Scaffold - provides safe workspace at height
Hoists - vertical transportation of materials/people
Shoring - Temp support given to structures to avoid collapse

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8
Q

What are the components of concrete?

A

Cement 10%
Aggregate 75%
Water 15%

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9
Q

What are the dimensions of a brick and a block?

A

Brick:
215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm
60/m2

Block:
440mm x 100mm x 215mm
10/m2

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10
Q

What is a composite slab?

A

Profiled steel deck acting as permanent soffit, while providing formwork to an insitu concrete infill

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11
Q

What is a post tension concrete slab?

A

Reinforcement is run through centre of slab; tensioned

Advantages:
Stronger - span further
Thinner - less material

Disadvantages:
Complex - skilled labour

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12
Q

What are bore holes?

A

Used for soil and ground investigations
Narrow shaft in the soil

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13
Q

What are the elements of a flat roof?

A

Joists - fixed to wall plates
Furrings - Fixed to joists to give incline
Particle board - Fixed to furrings to give flat surface
Felt - 3 layers bonded with bitumen
Stone chips - sun protection

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14
Q

What type of basements are there?

A

Retaining wall and raft:
Slab raft foundation that distributes building loads and walls retain

Box and Cellular:
Same as above but includes internal walls

Piled:
Loads carried to ground via columns

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15
Q

What grades are there for a basement?

A

G1 - basic car park
G2 - retail storage
G3 - liveable

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16
Q

What waterproofing options are there?

A

Dense monolithic:
Water tight using reinforced concrete

Tanking:
Asphalt, polythene sheeting; bitumen; internally/externally to create membrane

Drained cavity:
Collects seepage and drains away

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17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a timber frame?

A

Shorter construction time
Less wet trades - no drying
Lightweight
Good thermal envelope

Disadvantages:
Builders not familiar
High condensation - need special design
Potential for wet rot

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18
Q

What factors to consider between concrete and steel frame?

A

Programme - steel quicker
Complex - steel more flexible
Fire protection requirements

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19
Q

Name the parts of a steel beam?
What’s the weight?

A

Flange; root; web
1 cubic inch = 283 pounds

One cubic meter of steel weighs about 7,850 kilogram [8 tonnes]

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20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of steel frames?

A

Advantages:
Quick to assemble
High strength to weight ratio
Lighter - less foundations
Longer span

Disadvantages:
Needs fire protection
Insulation/sound
Experienced builders

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21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of concrete frame?

A

Advantages:
Fire protection
Good sound and heat insulation
Insitu allows late alterations

Disadvantages:
More time consuming
Need for steel reinforcement
Heavier - larger foundations
Doesn’t span as well

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22
Q

What’s a foundation?

A

Transmits loads of a structure to the ground

Depending factors - Total load bearing capacity of soil

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23
Q

What types of load are there?

A

Dead - All materials in structure
Live - People using the building and furniture
Super imposed - wind, snow

24
Q

What types of foundation are there?

A

Raft - spread load over large base
Strip - light structural design
Pad - base for steel columns
Piled - a series of columns

25
Q

What types of Piles are there?

A

Driven Pile - pile hammer
Sheet - basement walls
Interlocking Piles - m/f basement
Bored - auger excavates soil, cap, pour concrete; - better for obstructions and deep piles
CFA - Auger drills and concrete poured as rises
Continguous - close together for basements

26
Q

What is a Pile Cap?

A

Distributes load from building to piles

27
Q

Pre-cast Piles vs Bored Piles?

A

Driven:
Advantages:
Quick to install
No soil removed
Disadvantages:
Vibration
Sound
Cracking

In Situ:
Advanrages:
Minimum levels of vibration/noise
No cracking
Disadvantages:
Removal of soil
Collapse of bore hole

28
Q

What is Heave?
What is underpinning?

A

Ground expands due to seasonal change

Strengthening existing foundations

29
Q

What is Cladding?

A

Components attached to primary structure

Brick and block (140)
Install sheafing
Insulation
Add cladding

30
Q

What is Curtain Walling?

A

Non structural walls to the external wall (£750/m2)

Stick - curtain wall frame constructed with glass inserts, bolted and welded
Unitised - produced off site, on site modules tack together

31
Q

Stick vs Unitised?

A

Stick:
Higher labour costs
Less lead time
Longer to construct on site

Unitised:
Quicker to install
More lead time

32
Q

What methods of construction are there for concrete cores:

A

Slip Form - continuously rises
Jump Form - supported by section previously cast

33
Q

Types of floors?

A

Beam and Block:
Fast
Longer span
Insulation

Timber

Reinforced Concrete:
Time consuming

Post Tension:
Rebar pulled tight
Thinner slabs
Span longer

Composite:
Metal decking and concrete poured

34
Q

Difference between CAT A and CAT B?

A

A - Fully functional but empty, inc services
B - Finishes and furnishings

35
Q

Types of heating and cooling systems?

A

Chiller:
Fan coil unit
Displacement system

Boiler:
Radiator
Fan coil unit
Under floor heating

Heat Pump - FCC

Boiler Heat Pump - Radiator/Under floor heating

36
Q

Types of ventilation systems?

A

Air Handling Unit
Natural and Stack

MVHR - Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system

37
Q

Types of roof? (pitched)

A

Gable end:
Rafter; ridge beam; purlins; struts; wall plate

Hip:
Hip rafter; valley rafter;

38
Q

What is Attenuation?

A

Process of storing and slowly releasing surface water runoffs

Tank - water stored in system
Soakaway

39
Q

What’s an Air Source Heat Pump?

A

Moves existing outdoor heat energy inside
Outside air warms refridgerant
Turns to gas, goes to compressor
Refridgerant transfers heat to cool air inside
Lower running costs
Reduces carbon emissions
High capital cost

40
Q

What’s an Air Handling Unit?

A

Mechanical ventilation to circulate air
Takes outside air and reconditions it
Filters and heats
Transfers to fan coil unit

41
Q

What’s a Fan Coil Unit?

A

Used to condition air to suit the requirements of room
Heat and cooling coils

42
Q

What is MVHR - Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery?

A

Provides filtered air whilst retaining most of heat energy
Extracts air from main areas kitchen/bathroom
Taken to central heat exchanger and heat recovery into air supply

43
Q

Mechanical Ventilation Extract Only?

A

Draws air from main pollutant areas - kitchen/bathroom

44
Q

Bore and Pile process?
Dirven Pile process?

A

Bore and Pile:
Temporary casing
Auger drills
Reinforcement
Concrete

Driven Pile:
Piling rig
Lifts pile
Hammers
Pile cutting

45
Q

What are SIPs?
Advantages and disadvantages?

A

Structural Insulated Panels - insulation between 2 structural facing less timber than timber frame

Advantages:
Thermal performance
Rigid and strong
Flexible - larger spans
Craned in - less time

Disadvantages:
Flexibility of design
Wood rot - wet
More ventilation required

46
Q

What is cold deck, warm deck, inverted roof?

A

Cold:
Insulation ceiling level
So void is colder
Disadvantages - susceptible to condensation

Warm:
Insulation below membrane
Advantages - lower risk of condensation
Disadvantages - increased building height

Inverted:
Waterproofing below insulation
Advantages - protected by insulation

47
Q

Legislation on a project?

A

Construction Act
CDM
Asbestos

and others … The Building Act (Regs)
The Town and Country Planning Act (Planning laws)
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

48
Q

What does Building Control need to sign off?

A

Ensure building requirements met
Building control tracker

49
Q

What is:
3 phase electrical supply?
A way to connect floor boxes?
CAT II lighting?
a Substation?

A

Supply that consists of 3AC voltages

Power supply to switchboard

Fittings suitable for VDU screens and limit glare

Transfer voltage from high to low

50
Q

Types of screed?

A

Bonded - laid on rough, clean, concrete base
Unbonded - laid on bitumen
Resin - clean concrete and acts as waterproof base

51
Q

Components of external wall?

A

Strip foundation
Concrete block foundation wall
DPC
Air bricks
Ground floor slab

52
Q

Elements of a steel frame?

A

Beams
Columns
Purlins
Eaves/eaves haunch
Base plate
Cladding rails

53
Q

Panellised system?

A

Like unitised
Large panel sections which connect to primary structural columns

54
Q

Types of air conditioning systems?

A

Refrigerant - heat pump transfers from lower heat source to higher heat source

Evaporative - outside air through wet pad

Chillers - produces cold water

55
Q

Types of excavation for basements?

A

Open - battered excavation which are cut back to an angle
Perimeter - perimeter excavated, earthwork support, basement wall, and excavate centre
Complete - centre excavated, base slab while sides supported

56
Q

VAV vs VRF?

A

VAV - Variable Air Volume - vary airflow with constant temperature

VRF - Variable Refridgerant Flow - heating cooling through heat pump

3 APC_J Brookes (16 decks)

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