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APC > Construction Tech > Flashcards

Construction Tech Flashcards

1
Q

What is a foundation?

A

Structural elements which transfer the load of the building into the ground

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2
Q

When would you use pile foundations?

A

“In weak or water baring soil.

They are columns of reinforced concrete that are used to transfer the loads of a building to a load bearing stratum or by friction (or a combination)”

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3
Q

When would you use strip foundations?

A

“In houses or buildings where the perimeter walls transfer load to the ground.
It is Continuous strips of concrete that are designed to spread the load of the building evenly into a sufficient area of subsoil.”

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4
Q

When would you use raft foundations?

A

“On soils with good bearing capacity.

It is a continuous raft of concrete used to spread the load of the building across a large surface area”

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5
Q

When would you use pad foundations?

A

“For lighter structures such as warehouses. Wide span light weight buildings.

Isolated pads of concrete which are used to transmit concentrated loads.”

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6
Q

Name four different types of foundations.

A

“Pad
Raft
Pile
Strip”

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7
Q

What types of piles are you aware of?

A

“Pre-Cast
Sheet - Sections of sheet steel. Excavation support.
Bored
CFA
Contiguous - series of bored piles positioned close to each other.”

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8
Q

“What is underpinning?

A

Process by which existing foundations are strengthened by introducing additional support measures.

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8
Q

“What are pile caps?

A

Used to provide structural continuity between groups of piles to distribute the load above. Concrete is cast over the piles and the reinforcement is linked.

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9
Q

What is meant by ‘top down’ construction?

A

“The process for deep basements where the substructure works progress at the same time as the superstructure
· Typically piling done first, then ground floor slab cast leaving some form of access, then excavation works can commence whilst superstructure begins”

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10
Q

What are the advantages of top down construction?

A

“· Significant programme advantages
· Reduces time related prelims
· Developer receives the earliest return on their investment”

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of top down construction?

A

“· More challenging
· Greater planning, supervision and programming may lead to increased capital costs”

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11
Q

What are the advantages of concrete over steel frame?

A

“Thermal mass
Fire resistance
Acoustic and thermal performance
Cost fluctuates less”

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12
Q

“What is bottom up construction?

A

· Traditional method of allowing all substructure works to complete before commencing the superstructure

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13
Q

What types of basement construction are there?

A

“Traditional (battering, ramped sides to stop it collapsing)
Retaining walls
Top-down”

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13
Q

“What are some waterproofing strategies to a basement?

A

“· Use structure itself as a waterproof barrier – could use waterproof concrete
· Waterproof tanking membrane applied internally or externally
· Drained cavity system”

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13
Q

What are the advantages of steel over concrete frame?

A

“Quicker erection
Recyclable
Tensile strength
High strength to weight ratio”

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14
Q

“What is concrete?

A

· It is a combination of water, cement and appropriately graded aggregates

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15
Q

What are international standards?

A

“Prepared by the International Organization for Standardization – prefixed ISO
Ensure products used are safe, reliable & high quality

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16
Q

What is shoring?

A

Form of temporary support given to existing buildings

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17
Q

What are hoists?

A

Designed for the vertical transportation of materials or people

17
Q

What is the make-up of a stud partition?

A

Wood or metal framing, drywall, insulation, screws, vapour barrier (if applicable).

18
Q

What is torsion?

A

A twisting force. Countered with outriggers.

19
Q

What are the disadvantages of Pre-fabrication?

A

“1. Transportation costs
2. Limited customisation.
3. Potential for higher upfront costs.
4. Loss of local employment “

19
Q

What is Pre-fabrication / Modular Construction?

A

A process in which building components are constructed off-site. These components are then transported as a completed component to a building site.

20
Q

What are the advantages of Pre-fabrication?

A

“1. Sustainability.
2. Reduces time.
3. Reduces overall cost.
4. Reduces risk of damage”

21
Q

What is an FCU?

A

Fan Coil Unit - Consist of a fan and a heating or cooling element & are located in the space they serve, not connected to ductwork. Can be wall mounted, free standing or concealed in ceiling voids and can be controlled by thermostats or by BMS

21
Q

What is an AHU?

A

Air Handling Unit - A device used to regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system.

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of a air-handling unit?

A

”- Excessive vibration can lead to premature wear and tear on AHU components.
- Imbalances cause damage.
- Higher Airflow Requires More Power.”

22
Q

What are the advantages of a fan-coil unit?

A

”- Highly energy efficient as it reduces heating and cooling expenses by up to 20%.
- Allows individual room-level control over temperature, without using any additional ducts.
- Easy to install, clean, and maintain.”

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of a fan-coil unit?

A

”- They can be noisy, especially at high fan speeds.
- They require regular maintenance, such as cleaning or replacing the air filters and checking the coils for leaks or damage”

24
Q

What are the advantages of a air-handling unit?

A

”- Improved Indoor Air Quality
- Smaller horsepower or motors impact acoustics and replacement.
- Can reduce the energy required.”

25
Q

“What type of air conditioning systems are there?

A

“· Wall units – designed to heat or cool one room only, contains all components (compressor / condenser) unit is positioned on an external wall
· Split units – outdoor compressor / condenser unit linked by pipework to an indoor cooling unit. Greater capacity than the wall units.
· General air conditioning plant – typically very large roof mounted condenser / compressor unit that can supply numerous indoor units”

25
Q

What is HVAC?

A

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.

26
Q

“What are the ways in which cooling can be provided to a building?

A

“· Active cooling
o Fan coil units – fan heating or cooling element, can be supplied via an external VRF (variable refrigerant flow) condenser with pipework connecting to the FCU
o Chilled beams

· Passive cooling
o Natural ventilation
o Thermal mass – absorbing heat as temperatures rise and releasing it as they fall”

27
Q

What are fire dampeners?

A

Passive fire protection products used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ducts to prevent and isolate the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors.

28
Q

What is a construction permit?

A

Planning permission or developmental approval refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion, and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions.

28
Q

What are some important consideration for building code?

A
  1. Placement of smoke alarms.
  2. Defective or missing GFCIs - Ground fault circuit interrupters.
  3. Faulty beams / joists
  4. Emergency escapes
  5. Window wells
29
Q

What could be used to improve fire safety?

A

”- Sprinkler systems
· Fire rated cables
- Fire rated walls / doors”

30
Q

What is Building Code?

A

A building code is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building structures.

31
Q

What are some examples of work that require a permit?

A

”- After Hours Variance (NY)
- Electrical
- Asbestos Abatement

Depends on each state.”

32
Q

“Can you name some different types of brick bond?

A

“· English (alternating courses of stretcher and header)
· Flemish (alternating stretcher and header in a course)
· Stretcher (stretcher only)”

33
Q

“What does the term facing brick mean?

A

Brick that is aesthetically pleasing and designed to be seen

34
Q

“Which is cheaper to install - Brick or blockwork?

A

· Blockwork is cheaper as can install a larger area in a short amount of time

35
Q

What is a curtain wall?

A

A curtain wall is an exterior covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, such as glass.

36
Q

“Can you explain a stick system?

A

“· A series of vertical (mullions) and horizontal (transoms) members that form a regular grid.
· The mullions and transoms are installed first with the glass inserted into the grid”

37
Q

“Can you explain rain screen cladding?

A

“· A sub-frame including insulation and waterproofing that is installed with a finished facing panel.
· Effectively a double wall where in extreme weather the rain penetrates the external skin, drains between the external and internal walls to a gutter detail at the base of the system”

38
Q

“What is a cold roof?

A

“· Insulation placed below the roof rafters, anything above the ceiling of the uppermost area of the building is cooler than the living space
· Cheaper form, can result in heat loss and requires ventilation to avoid condensation”

38
Q

“What is a warm roof?

A

“· Involves laying rigid insulation on top of the roof rafters. Allows area below the insulation to be as warm as the living areas.
· More expensive on sloped roofs”

39
Q

What is a green roof?

A

“They are roofs that are purposefully fitted or cultivated with vegetation.
Can be intensive or extensive.
· Intensive – they are adequate load bearing to create roof gardens, so include lawn, trees, bushes, hard landscaping. Require more maintenance.
· Extensive – they are low maintenance, drought tolerant, self-seeding vegetation. Low maintenance, irrigation or fertilisation”

40
Q

“What is a brown roof?

A

“· A biodiverse roof, replaces and enhances the habitat that is lost to the development
· Designed to relatively self sufficient
· Creates a habitat
· Contributes to BREEAM points, improves air quality, assists with controlling water run off
· Adds to acoustic and thermal properties of the roof”

APC (17 decks)

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