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U.S. Government > Constitutional Convention > Flashcards

Constitutional Convention Flashcards

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1
Q

articles of confederation (year written)

A

1781

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2
Q

articles of confederation (main author)

A

ben franklin

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3
Q

articles of confederation (nation name)

A

usa

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4
Q

articles of confederation (organization)

A

confederation

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5
Q

articles of confederation (government type)

A

republic

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6
Q

articles of confederation (judicial)

A

no judicial

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7
Q

articles of confederation (executive)

A

no executive

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8
Q

articles of confederation (legislative)

A

unicameral

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9
Q

articles of confederation (name)

A

congress

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10
Q

articles of confederation (law approval)

A

9/13 states

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11
Q

articles of confederation (amendments)

A

13

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12
Q

articles of confederation (representation)

A

1 vote (equal)

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13
Q

articles of confederation (commerce)

A

federal government (difficulty)

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14
Q

articles of confederation (currency)

A

state and federal currency

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15
Q

articles of confederation (taxes)

A

federal government asked but states refused

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16
Q

articles of confederation (sovereignty)

A

states

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17
Q

articles of confederation (supporters)

A

anti-federalists/states rights advocates

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18
Q

constitution (year written)

A

1787

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19
Q

constitution (main author)

A

james madison

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20
Q

constitution (nation name)

A

usa

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21
Q

constitution (organization)

A

union of all states

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22
Q

constitution (government type)

A

republic

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23
Q

constitution (judicial)

A

supreme court

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24
Q

constitution (executive)

A

president

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25
Q

constitution (legislative)

A

bicameral

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26
Q

constitution (name)

A

congress (house of representatives and senate)

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27
Q

constitution (law approval)

A

2 house vote

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28
Q

constitution (amendments)

A

2/3 vote of both houses/3/4 vote of state legislature

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29
Q

constitution (representation)

A

senate: equal representation; HOR: population

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30
Q

constitution (commerce)

A

congress

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31
Q

constitution (currency)

A

federal government

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32
Q

constitution (taxes)

A

congress can levy taxes

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33
Q

constitution (sovereignty)

A

federal government

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34
Q

constitution (supporters)

A

federalists

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35
Q

6 problems under the articles of confederation

A
  1. unicameral congress - each state had one vote
  2. there was no executive branch
  3. there was no common currency
  4. each colony was selfish
  5. there was no federal supreme court
  6. each colony was claiming land west of the Appalachians
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36
Q

the constitutional convention took place in ___________

A

philadelphia

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37
Q

what is compromise

A

each side in a dispute has to give up a little in order to forge an agreement among the disagreeing parties

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38
Q

what is the new jersey plan

A

(william patterson) proposed that there should be equal representation in congress

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39
Q

what is the virginia plan

A

(edmund randolph) proposed that representation in congress be based on population

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40
Q

what is the connecticut compromise

A

(aka great compromise) a bicameral (two house legislature) would be formed

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41
Q

north - ___________ in population. slaves can count OR only if __________ paid for them

A

slaves should not count, taxes

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42
Q

south - _________ in population

A

slaves should count

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43
Q

what is the 3/5 compromise

A

in the population count, each slave would count as 3/5 of a person. (this meant 5 “other” persons would = 3 free white citizens)

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44
Q

what did the north (federalists) want

A

they wanted the federal government to have ultimate power or say. this later formed the federalist party

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45
Q

what did the south (states rights) want

A

wanted the states to maintain governmental power. (like things were under the articles of confederation). later formed the democratic party and later the democratic/republican party

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46
Q

what is the commerce and slave trade compromise

A

congress could not stop the slave trade until 1808

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47
Q

how will the president be chosen

A

the founding fathers set up at the constitutional convention the electoral college

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48
Q

what was the compromise for the president’s term

A

the executive would serve 4 year terms with no term limits. (the first president george washington served for 8 years)

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49
Q

many other decisions [about the president’s term] were made during the long ___________

A

constitutional convention

50
Q

what is the virginia plan

A

madison’s plan for a national government with greatly expanded powers

51
Q

what is the new jersey plan

A

paterson’s plan for a national government, which greatly resembled the articles of confederation

52
Q

what is the connecticut compromise

A

a combination of virginia and new jersey plans

53
Q

what is the three fifths compromise

A

a plan to satisfy southerners’ desire to inflate the population count of their states

54
Q

what is the commerce and slave trade compromise

A

a plan to satisfy southern fears that the federal government might be funded through export duties

55
Q

although the constitution is often called a “bundle of compromises,” nearly all of the delegates were dedicated to the concept of

A

popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and checks and balances

56
Q

to whom did the three-fifths compromise refer

A

enslaved people

57
Q

which of the following was NOT a major source of ideas for the constitution

A

spanish colonial law

58
Q

what is alexander hamilton’s plan

A

alexander hamilton of new york presented a 3rd plan that was modeled on the british government, which he admired

59
Q

what are the 7 articles (1787)

A

article I. establishment of legislative branch (law making)
article II. establishment of executive branch (enforce laws)
article III. establishment of judicial branch (interpret laws)
article IV. relationship between states
article V. amendment process
article VI. declaration of constitutional supremacy
article VII. ratification (formal approval) of constitution

60
Q

what was the purpose of amendments

A

make the constitution a “living document”; so that the document can grow and change overtime just as the nation would grow and change

61
Q

what is the bill of rights (1791)

A

first ten amendments modeled after the english bill of rights - the goals of listing freedoms and natural rights of citizens

62
Q

what are amendments (1791-present)

A

continuation of constitutional changes that have occurred between 1791-present

63
Q

legislative (federal level)

A

congress

64
Q

legislative (state level)

A

CA state legislature (state assembly and senate)

65
Q

legislative (local level)

A

city council

66
Q

executive (federal level)

A

president

67
Q

executive (state level)

A

governor

68
Q

executive (local level)

A

mayor or city manager

69
Q

judicial (federal level)

A

US supreme court

70
Q

judicial (state level)

A

california supreme court

71
Q

judicial (local level)

A

LA county municipal courthouse (in Inglewood)

72
Q

the power to _________ is given to a ________ made up of two chambers to represent different interests: a ___________ to represent the states; a ___________ to be more responsive to the people’s will

A

make laws, legislature, upper house (senate), lower house (HOR)

73
Q

which states favored the new jersey plan

A

small population states

74
Q

representation based on population was which plan

A

virginia

75
Q

what was the last name of the man proposing the great compromise

A

sherman

76
Q

which plan suggested equal representation

A

new jersey

77
Q

which legislative body has an equal number of representatives

A

senate

78
Q

which man proposed the virginia plan

A

edmund randolph

79
Q

which man proposed the new jersey plan

A

william paterson

80
Q

why were the southern states willing to count every slave

A

more people = more representation = more power in congress

81
Q

why did the north want every slave to be counted

A

so that there would be more taxation

82
Q

explain how the 3/5 compromise worked

A

the debate was over whether slaves would be counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and tax purposes. the number would then be used to determine the number of seats that a state would have in the HOR. the effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in congress and a third more electoral votes than slaves had been ignored

83
Q

do you think the 3/5 compromise worked

A

no it was not fair because i believe that the slaves were 100% people and slaves were as good as anyone else and the government should count them as human beings

84
Q

what city selected as the site of the constitutional convention

A

philadelphia

85
Q

who was chosen to preside over the convention meetings

A

george washington

86
Q

debates occurred over _________ in congress

A

representation

87
Q

edmund randolph’s ___________ plan favored large states

A

virginia plan

88
Q

william paterson’s new jersey plan favored _______ states

A

smaller population

89
Q

what plan favored representation based on population

A

virginia plan

90
Q

what plan favored equal representation

A

new jersey plan

91
Q

what compromise settled the issue of representation

A

great compromise/connecticut plan

92
Q

this compromise settle the conflict between ___ and _____ states

A

large population and small population

93
Q

one compromise dealt with electing the president. what body was formed to choose the nation’s leader

A

electoral college

94
Q

what compromise established a method for cutting slaves

A

3/5 compromise

95
Q

one compromise resulted in the decision that the president would serve __ year terms in office

A

4 years

96
Q

if the total number of slaves in the south was 20,000 how many would be counted in the population

A

12,000 votes

97
Q

if the total number of slaves in the south was 39,500 how many would count in the population

A

23,700 votes

98
Q

a representative government _________

A

serves the people

99
Q

the first national government for the united states was

A

the second continental congress

100
Q

which of the following was a plan of government for the states during the war of independence

A

the articles of confederation

101
Q

the connecticut compromise called for a legislature

A

made up of two houses. in the smaller house all states would be represented equally; in the larger house, representation would be decided by population

102
Q

what were the positions of the federalists toward ratification

A

favored ratification/constitution

103
Q

what were the positions of the anti-federalists toward ratification

A

opposed ratification/constitution

104
Q

who became the new nation’s first president

A

george washington

105
Q

james madison was a ________

A

federalist

106
Q

3 issues involved in the ratification debate

A
  1. absence of words slavery and god
  2. bill of rights
  3. number of states to ratify
107
Q

(true/false) the absence of a bill of rights was cause for many people to oppose ratification of the constitution

A

true

108
Q

(true/false) most opponents of ratification believed the new constitution gave too little power to the national government

A

false

109
Q

which of the following was NOT an objection to the new constitution

A

the constitution did not incorporate principles of natural law

110
Q

what was the significance of the Federalist’s papers

A

it was a convincing commentary on the meaning of the constitution

111
Q

which of the following are rights the constitution explicitly guaranteed during the ratification process

A

no freedom of speech, press, or religion (no bill of rights)

112
Q

the idea that government and its officers are always subject to-never above- the law is described as the ______

A

rule of law

113
Q

the principle of ______ expresses the concept that government must be conducted according to constitutional principles

A

constitutionalism

114
Q

judicial review is the power to declare a government action that violates some provision of the constitution to be _______

A

unconstitutionalism

115
Q

the _______ is the brief introduction that begins the constitution

A

preamble

116
Q

what is judicial review

A

the power of the courts to decide whether the government acts are constitutional

117
Q

what is unconstitutional

A

illegal; null and void; of no force and effect

118
Q

what is federalism

A

the division of power between a central government and several regional governments

119
Q

what is separation of powers

A

a governmental system having basic political powers distributed among three distinct and independent branches

120
Q

which of the following principles holds that government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do

A

limited government

121
Q

the principle of popular sovereignty means that

A

people are the only source for governmental power

122
Q

which of the following constitutional principles was devised as a compromise between a powerful central government and a loose confederation of states

A

federalism

U.S. Government (12 decks)

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