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U.S. Government > Chapters 8 and 9 Test > Flashcards

Chapters 8 and 9 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

4 types of mediums

A
  1. television
  2. newspapers
  3. radios
  4. magazines
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2
Q

examples of television

A

CBS, NBC, ABC, CNN, PBS, Fox Network

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3
Q

examples of newspapers

A

new york times, washington post, chicago tribune, los angeles times, wall street journal, christian science monitor, use today

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4
Q

examples of radio

A

nbc, cos, mutual broadcasting system, npr

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5
Q

examples of magazines

A

times, newsweek, us news and world report, the nation, the new republic, the national review

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6
Q

how do the mass media help shape the public agenda

A

they have the power to get the public to focus on a certain issue

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7
Q

how do the mass media help shape political campaigns

A

it has made political campaigns more image conscious and less focused on complex policy debates

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8
Q

what is a medium

A

means of communication

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9
Q

(true/false) most of the information that americans have about politics comes from the mass media

A

true

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10
Q

(true/false) television replaced newspapers as the principal source of news in the united states during the 1930s

A

false

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11
Q

(true/false) in recent decades there has been a sharp decline in the number of daily newspapers published in the united states

A

true

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12
Q

which of the following sequences lists the major mass media from most impact to least

A

television, newspapers, radio, magazines

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13
Q

which of the following carried mostly political news in its early days

A

newspapers

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14
Q

the impact of the mass media on the public agenda can best be described as its ability to tell people

A

what issues to think about

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15
Q

what are the 6 factors that shape public opinion

A
  1. family
  2. schools
  3. mass media
  4. peer groups
  5. opinion leaders
  6. historic events
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16
Q

types of information communicated from family

A

values, how to behave, morals, religious ideologies

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17
Q

types of information communicated from the schools

A

how to get along with others, formal and informal ways of learning

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18
Q

types of information communicated from the mass media

A

politics, public polices; the media gives a platform for opinion leaders

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19
Q

types of information communicated from peer groups

A

reinforces one’s opinions or creates one’s opinions

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20
Q

types of information communicated from opinion leaders

A

communicate information that people can draw ideas form politics and social issues

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21
Q

types of information communicated from historic events

A

feelings on issues that arise out of events or experiences

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22
Q

what does it mean to say that “many publics exists exist in the united states”

A

many groups of people who weigh in on subjects

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23
Q

why are family and school particularly important in shaping people’s political views

A

family and schools shape people who are most impressionable in childhood

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24
Q

(true/false) the views of different generations are formed in part by the different historical events that occurred during their lifetimes

A

true

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25
Q

(true/false) each group with a distinct point of view on an issue of public policy can be considered a separate public with regard to that matter

A

true

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26
Q

which two groups have the strongest impact on political socialization in the united states

A

the family

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27
Q

an opinion leader is a person

A

whose views have more weight than the average person’s

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28
Q

what are public affairs

A

include politics, public issues, and the making of public politics - those events and issues that concern the people

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29
Q

what are mass media

A

include those means of communication that reach large, widely dispersed audiences (masses of people) simultaneously

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30
Q

what are interest groups

A

private organizations whose members share certain views and objectives and work to shape the making and the content of public policy

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31
Q

what are public opinion polls

A

devices that attempt to collect information by asking people questions

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32
Q

what are straw votes

A

polls that sought to read the public’s mind simply by asking the same question of a large number of people

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33
Q

what are samples

A

a representative slice of the total universe

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34
Q

what are random samples

A

(probability sample) a sample in which each member of the universe and each geographic area within it have a mathematically equal chance of being included

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35
Q

what are quota samples

A

a sample deliberately constructed to reflect several of the major characteristics of a given universe

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36
Q

what is public agenda

A

the societal problems that the nation’s political leaders and the general public agree need government attention

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37
Q

what are sound bites

A

snappy reports that can be aired in 30 or 45 seconds or so

38
Q

what is public policy

A

includes all of the goals that a government pursues in the many areas of the human affairs in which it is involved. examples: seat belt laws, setting speed limits, zoning, planning for flood control, providing old age pensions and the use of military force in international affairs

39
Q

what are the 6 valuable functions of interest groups

A
  1. raise awareness in public affairs
  2. represent members on basis of shared attitudes
  3. interests provide info. to government
  4. vehicles for political participation
  5. add element to checks and balances
  6. regularly compete with one another
40
Q

what is trade association

A

segments of the business community that have their own interest groups

41
Q

what is labor union

A

an organization of workers who share the same type of job of who work in the same industry

42
Q

what is a public interest group

A

an interest group that seeks to institute certain public policies of benefit to all or most people in this country, whether of not they belong to of support that organization

43
Q

what is propaganda

A

a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors. interest groups that try to create public attitudes they want by using propaganda

44
Q

what is single interest group

A

a variety of PAC (political action committee) that concentrate their efforts on one issue - for example, gun control, abortion, health care

45
Q

what is lobbying

A

those activities by which PAC organizations bring pressure to bear on all legislators and the legislative process

46
Q

what are the 8 types of interest groups

A
  1. business groups
  2. labor groups
  3. agricultural groups
  4. professional groups
  5. groups that promote causes
  6. organizations that promote the welfare of certain groups
  7. religious organizations
  8. single interest groups
47
Q

what are business groups

A

looked to government to promote and protect it interests (businesses in America)

examples: US Brewer’s association and chamber pf commerce in MB

48
Q

what are labor groups

A

organization of workers who share the same type of job or who work in the same industry

examples: AFL-CIO (the american fed. of labor - congress of industrial organizations) and retail clerks international union

49
Q

what are agricultural groups

A

serves interests of farmers and farm workers

examples: national grange and national farmer’s union

50
Q

what are professional groups

A

occupations that require extensive and specialized training, such as medicine, law, and teaching

examples: the american medical association (AMA), american bar association (ABA - lawyers), national education association (NEA)

51
Q

what are groups that promote causes

A

a large number of groups exist to promote a cause or an idea

examples: american civil liberties union (ACLU) and league of women voters

52
Q

what are organizations that promote the welfare of certain groups

A

a number of interest groups seek to promote the welfare of certain segments of the population

examples: national association for advancement of colored people (NAACP)

53
Q

what are religious organizations

A

influence public policy in places like churches

54
Q

what are single interest group

A

a pack that concentrates on a single issue

55
Q

what is a mandate

A

instructions of a constituency gives to its elected officials

56
Q

what is an interest group

A

private organization whose members attempt to share public policy according to their shared view of an issue or issues

57
Q

what is a straw vote

A

poll that asks a single question to a large, self selected group

58
Q

what is a random sample

A

sample in which each member of the universe has a mathematically equal chance of being selected

59
Q

what is a quota sample

A

a sample deliberately constructed to reflect several of the major characteristics of the universe being studied

60
Q

the most accurate means of assessing public opinion is through

A

scientific polling techniques

61
Q

universe is a term used to refer to

A

the entire group whose opinions a poll seeks to measure

62
Q

which of the following is a constitutional deliberately erected as a means to block immediate legal changes based on public opinion

A

guarantees of civil rights and liberties, the doctrine of separation of powers, and the doctrine of checks and balances

63
Q

which are the most important factors in political socialization

A

family and education

64
Q

a popular movie star who speaks publicly about a political issue may become

A

an opinion leader

65
Q

if you asked the same question about an upcoming election to many people, you would be conducting a

A

straw vote

66
Q

the most accurate way to measure public opinion is by

A

scientific polling

67
Q

which of the mass media has the most impact on american politics

A

television

68
Q

how has television affected political campaigns

A

it has made candidates less dependent on political parties

69
Q

the public agenda refers to

A

the public issues people think and talk about

70
Q

an interest group is a private organization that forms to

A

promote the interests of its members

71
Q

a positive activity of interest groups is to

A

get people interest in public affairs, provide information to government, join together people from different parts of the country

72
Q

a single interest group

A

concentrates on electing or defeating candidates based on one issue

73
Q

a political action committee’s purpose is to

A

raise money for political candidates

74
Q

lobbyist activities are

A

regulated by law

75
Q

5 ideologies that form the political spectrum

A
  1. radical
  2. liberal
  3. moderate
  4. conservative
  5. reactionary
76
Q

5 conservative opinion leaders

A
  1. rush limbaugh
  2. bill o’ reilly
  3. sean hannity
  4. megan kelly
  5. laura ingram
77
Q

5 liberal opinion leaders

A
  1. oprah
  2. michael moore
  3. anderson cooper
  4. Keith oberman
  5. bill mahr
78
Q

3 historic events in your lifetime that shaped public opinion

A
  1. 9/11
  2. stock market crash 2008
  3. northridge earthquake
79
Q

4 historic events in the 18th, 19th, or 20th century that helped shape public opinion

A
  1. great depression
  2. holocaust
  3. civil rights movement
  4. bombing of pearl harbor
80
Q

5 measures of public opinion

A
  1. elections
  2. polls
  3. interest groups
  4. mass media
  5. personal contacts
81
Q

6 forms of mass media

A
  1. billboards
  2. television
  3. radio
  4. magazines
  5. newspapers
  6. internet
82
Q

what is the difference between straw votes and scientific polling

A

straw votes are polls that sought to read the public’s mind simply by asking the same question of a large number of people. scientific polling is the accuracy of the poll with random sampling and statistics

83
Q

5 steps of the polling process

A
  1. define the universe to be surveyed
  2. construct a sample
  3. prepare valid questions
  4. select and control how the polls will be taken
  5. analyze and report their findings to the public
84
Q

what is political spectrum

A

a line or continuum that shows the range of political opinions that can exist in a society

85
Q

what is ideology

A

a collection of political, social, and economic beliefs that reveal the type and amount of change a person or group wishes to see in society

86
Q

what is radical

A

favors extreme and immediate change, willing to use violence, and believes change comes in a new society or system

87
Q

what is liberal

A

favors progress and reform, works for reform within existing systems, looks to the future for an improve society

88
Q

what is moderate

A

favors a nonviolent practical approach to solving society’s problems, may be “liberal” or “conservative” in outlook depending on given issue

89
Q

what is conservative

A

favors society as it is or a reform to what society was in the past, opposed to abrupt change, values tradition

90
Q

what is reactionary

A

favors extreme and immediate change, is willing to use violence, believes that change comes in the form of a restoration of society as it once was

U.S. Government (12 decks)

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