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U.S. Government > Chapter 2-1 and 2-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2-1 and 2-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the earliest English settlers brought them knowledge of a political system that had been developing for centuries in England. What did it establish?

A

laws, customs, practices, and constitutions

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2
Q

what is ordered government

A

orderly regulation of their relationships with one another (government)

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3
Q

what is a representative government

A

the idea that government should serve the will of the people

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4
Q

what is a limited government

A

the idea that government is not all powerful

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5
Q

what is the magna carta (1215)

A

a document written in 1215 that introduced the rights of trial by jury and due process of law.

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6
Q

what is petition of right (1628)

A

limited the king’s power in several ways. the document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by lawful judgments of his peers, or by the law of the land. also insisted that the king not impose marital law on people

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7
Q

list 4 key elements of the english bill of rights

A
  1. right to a fair trial
  2. freedom from excessive bail
  3. free from cruel and unusual punishment
  4. free elections
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8
Q

what are royal colonies and list an example

A

were subject to the direct control of the crown. has bicameral legislature

includes New Hampshire, Massachusetts, NY, New Jersey, VA, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia.

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9
Q

what are proprietary colonies and list an example

A

organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had made to control land. has unicameral body

includes Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

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10
Q

what are charter colonies and list an example

A

governors are elected each year by white, male proprietary owners. charters were also called self governing colonies

includes Connecticut and Rhode Island

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11
Q

what is the difference between bicameral and unicameral legislature

A

bicameral consists of two houses, as in legislature while unicameral consists of one house, as in a legislature

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12
Q

the shape of american government is based on the english political idea of

A

ordered government, representative government, and limited government (all of the above)

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13
Q

Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware were

A

proprietary colonies

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14
Q

which of the following was a characteristic of the royal colonies

A

the governors and their council shared the power to tax and spend

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15
Q

the colonies were settled for all of the following reasons except

A

to provide a homeland for native americans

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16
Q

what is an act

A

law

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17
Q

what is boycott

A

refusal to buy

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18
Q

what is duty

A

tax on imported goods

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19
Q

what is embargo

A

ban on trade

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20
Q

what is intolerable

A

unacceptable, unbearable

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21
Q

what is liberty

A

freedom, independence

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22
Q

what are mercenaries

A

hired soldiers

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23
Q

what is a militia

A

everyday citizens who are trained as soldiers

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24
Q

what are minute men

A

colonial militia in Boston

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25
Q

what is levy

A

a tax; to tax

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26
Q

what is revenue

A

government funding that comes from taxes

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27
Q

what is tyranny

A

oppression

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28
Q

what are hessians

A

german mercenaries

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29
Q

what is a loyalist/tory

A

(conservative) against the war, maintain allegiance to britain

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30
Q

what is a neutralist

A

didn’t choose a side

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31
Q

what is a patriot/rebel

A

(liberal, extremists) in favor of the war

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32
Q

what are redcoats

A

british soldiers (lobster backs)

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33
Q

what are sons of liberty

A

radical patriot group from boston

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34
Q

what is the sugar act (1764)

A

a tax on sugar and molasses

not just to regulate trade but to produce revenue for Britain. smugglers would be tried in admiralty courts without juries

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35
Q

what is the stamp act (1765)

A

a tax on all printed materials

Englishman isaac barre warned his fellow parliamentarians “americans are sons of liberty and won’t surrender their rights without a fight.”

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36
Q

what are the townshend acts (1764)

A

a tax on led, glass, paper, tea, and paint

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37
Q

what is the quartering act (1765)

A

a law that forced the colonists to house british soldiers in their private homes

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38
Q

what is the tea act (1764)

A

a tax on tea and made British East India company a monopoly

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39
Q

what are the intolerable acts (1773)

A

5 laws enacted against Boston as a punishment for Boston Tea party

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40
Q

what is the albany plan of union (1754)

A

early plan of governing colonies that was presented by Ben Franklin

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41
Q

what is the french and indian war (1756-1763)

A

(7 years war) war between France and native americans and england and native americans

42
Q

what is the treaty of paris of 1763

A

treaty that ended french and indian war

43
Q

what is the boston tea party (1773)

A

colonists dumped tea into harbor in protest of tea act (dressed as indians)

44
Q

what is the boston massacre (1770)

A

altercation between red coats and colonists in which british opened fire and 5 colonists were killed

45
Q

what is the first continental congress (1774)

A

first time colonists came together. each colony should form a militia

46
Q

what is common sense (1775)

A

pro war pamphlet written by thomas paine

47
Q

what is the second continental congress (1775)

A

washington was commander in chief. prepared for war

48
Q

what is shot heard around the world (1775)

A

first shot fired in war at lexington, MA

49
Q

what is the battle of concord (1775)

A

first official battle of revolution

50
Q

what is the declaration of independence (1776)

A

july 4, 1776 - declared independence from britain

51
Q

what is the battle of yorktown (1781)

A

place where cornwallis surrendered to bring end to revolution

52
Q

what is the treaty of paris 1783

A

treaty that ended the american revolution

53
Q

what printed materials are taxed prior the revolution

A

newspapers, bibles, playing cards, birth certificates

54
Q

who said the british were coming

A

paul revere

55
Q

where was the shot heard around the world

A

lexington

56
Q

what does the rebel flag look like

A

13 stars and red and white stripes

57
Q

where did the soldiers seize arsenal

A

concord

58
Q

where did the soldiers chase the redcoats back to

A

boston

59
Q

what did the shot heard around the world signify

A

beginning of the american revolution

60
Q

who was the colonel at bunker hill

A

colonel prescott

61
Q

who were the colonists’ allies

A

spain and france

62
Q

what did spain and france do

A

loaned them ships and guns

63
Q

what happened at yorktown

A

british could not retreat and cornwallis surrendered

64
Q

what are the 8 causes of the american revolution

A
  1. england’s neglect of the colonies
  2. taxation without representation
  3. limitation of individuals rights
  4. taxation
  5. mercantilism
  6. trade restrictions
  7. free enterprise
  8. economic power
65
Q

what is the declaratory act?

A

passed this act after stamp act was repealed. parliament could make laws binding colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

66
Q

know map of 13 british colonies

A
  • need to know Mississippi River, Ohio River, and St. Lawrence River
  • 5 lakes, Atlantic ocean, gulf of Mexico
  • 13 colonies (new england, middle, and southern)
67
Q

2 advantages held by France

A
  1. the French had built a strong network of forts from Quebec, along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi
  2. the French enlisted the support of many powerful Indian tribes. the Hurons, in particular, were strongly allied to the French
68
Q

2 advantages held by England

A
  1. the English had a much larger population in America than the French and the people were much closer together
  2. The English had a great many material resources (food, weapons, etc.) readily available in the colonies
69
Q

What are the four provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A
  1. England received Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River
  2. France was allowed to keep two small islands off the coast of Newfoundland as bases of her fishing fleets
  3. By secret treaty France had ceded the Louisiana Purchase to Spain
  4. Spain ceded Florida to England in return for the island of Cuba
70
Q

what happened at the second continental congress

A

(1774-1775) the british government continued to refuse compromise. it reacted to declaration of rights as it had other expressions of colonial discontent. this is where they established the american military force and established george washington as commander in chief.

71
Q

describe “taxation without representation”

A

they objected the taxes imposed on them and they believed they had no representation on american soil to protect their individual rights

72
Q

define confederation

A

a joining of several groups for a common purpose

73
Q

define delegates

A

representatives that have the power to raise military, make war and peace, trade, and collect custom duties

74
Q

define repealed

A

withdrawn or canceled

75
Q

list and briefly describe the 4 common features of state constitution

A
  1. popular sovereignty - government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed
  2. limited government - power delegated to government were granted reluctantly and had many restrictions
  3. civil rights and liberties - hold alienable rights by the people
  4. separation of powers and checks and balances - executive, legislative, and judicial restrain actions of other branches in government
76
Q

true or false: self government in the early days of the colonies was made possible by the great distance between north america and england

A

true

77
Q

who created the albany plan of the union

A

benjamin franklin

78
Q

true or false: the colonists’ unhappiness with taxation without representation, expressed in the declaration of rights, came as a surprise to the british king

A

false

79
Q

which of the following served as the first national government of the US

A

second continental congress

80
Q

which of the following was NOT an example of early colonial attempts at unity

A

the french and indian war

81
Q

who wrote the declaration of independence

A

thomas jefferson

82
Q

which of the following defines the principle of popular sovereignty

A

government exists and functions only with the consent of the governed; people hold political power

83
Q

who sailed to america in 1620

A

pilgrims

84
Q

what ship did the pilgrims sail on

A

mayflower

85
Q

where did the pilgrims land

A

plymouth rock

86
Q

were the pilgrims still loyal to the king

A

at this point, the pilgrims were missing their mother england and they swore their loyalty till the very end

87
Q

who was the king during this time

A

george III

88
Q

what did the king do to the colonists

A

he taxed their property and did not give them a choice or voice (taxation without representation)

89
Q

what were the french planning on taking over

A

Great Lakes region

90
Q

what is the large french fort at the present day site of Pittsburgh, PA

A

Fort Duquesne

91
Q

what english fort did george washington establish near fort duquesne

A

fort necessity

92
Q

who was the general who led the battle at fort duquesne

A

edward braddock

93
Q

who took over England’s war effort in 1757

A

william pitt

94
Q

what happened in 1643

A

the MA bay, plymouth, new haven, and connecticut settlements formed the new england confederation; formed “league of friendship”

95
Q

what happened in 1765

A

stamp act congress met to prepare protest - declaration of rights and grievances *first time colonies joined to opposed government

96
Q

what happened on march 5, 1770

A

boston massacre

97
Q

what happened on december 16, 1773

A

boston tea party

98
Q

what happened on september 5, 1774

A

delegates met in philadelphia for first continental congress meeting to discuss worsening situation with england

99
Q

what happened on april 19, 1775

A

lexington and concord (first battle of revolutionary war) took place

100
Q

what happened on july 4, 1776

A

declaration of independence was adopted - proclaiming US as an independent nation

101
Q

what happened in 1754

A

ben franklin proposed the albany plan of union. this was an early plan for government but was rejected

102
Q

colonists pre-revolutionary war beliefs

A

left - rebel (patriots)
middle - neutralist
right - loyalist

U.S. Government (12 decks)

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