Chapter 2-1 and 2-2 Flashcards
the earliest English settlers brought them knowledge of a political system that had been developing for centuries in England. What did it establish?
laws, customs, practices, and constitutions
what is ordered government
orderly regulation of their relationships with one another (government)
what is a representative government
the idea that government should serve the will of the people
what is a limited government
the idea that government is not all powerful
what is the magna carta (1215)
a document written in 1215 that introduced the rights of trial by jury and due process of law.
what is petition of right (1628)
limited the king’s power in several ways. the document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by lawful judgments of his peers, or by the law of the land. also insisted that the king not impose marital law on people
list 4 key elements of the english bill of rights
- right to a fair trial
- freedom from excessive bail
- free from cruel and unusual punishment
- free elections
what are royal colonies and list an example
were subject to the direct control of the crown. has bicameral legislature
includes New Hampshire, Massachusetts, NY, New Jersey, VA, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia.
what are proprietary colonies and list an example
organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had made to control land. has unicameral body
includes Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
what are charter colonies and list an example
governors are elected each year by white, male proprietary owners. charters were also called self governing colonies
includes Connecticut and Rhode Island
what is the difference between bicameral and unicameral legislature
bicameral consists of two houses, as in legislature while unicameral consists of one house, as in a legislature
the shape of american government is based on the english political idea of
ordered government, representative government, and limited government (all of the above)
Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware were
proprietary colonies
which of the following was a characteristic of the royal colonies
the governors and their council shared the power to tax and spend
the colonies were settled for all of the following reasons except
to provide a homeland for native americans
what is an act
law
what is boycott
refusal to buy
what is duty
tax on imported goods
what is embargo
ban on trade
what is intolerable
unacceptable, unbearable
what is liberty
freedom, independence
what are mercenaries
hired soldiers
what is a militia
everyday citizens who are trained as soldiers
what are minute men
colonial militia in Boston
what is levy
a tax; to tax
what is revenue
government funding that comes from taxes
what is tyranny
oppression
what are hessians
german mercenaries
what is a loyalist/tory
(conservative) against the war, maintain allegiance to britain
what is a neutralist
didn’t choose a side
what is a patriot/rebel
(liberal, extremists) in favor of the war
what are redcoats
british soldiers (lobster backs)
what are sons of liberty
radical patriot group from boston
what is the sugar act (1764)
a tax on sugar and molasses
not just to regulate trade but to produce revenue for Britain. smugglers would be tried in admiralty courts without juries
what is the stamp act (1765)
a tax on all printed materials
Englishman isaac barre warned his fellow parliamentarians “americans are sons of liberty and won’t surrender their rights without a fight.”
what are the townshend acts (1764)
a tax on led, glass, paper, tea, and paint
what is the quartering act (1765)
a law that forced the colonists to house british soldiers in their private homes
what is the tea act (1764)
a tax on tea and made British East India company a monopoly
what are the intolerable acts (1773)
5 laws enacted against Boston as a punishment for Boston Tea party
what is the albany plan of union (1754)
early plan of governing colonies that was presented by Ben Franklin
what is the french and indian war (1756-1763)
(7 years war) war between France and native americans and england and native americans
what is the treaty of paris of 1763
treaty that ended french and indian war
what is the boston tea party (1773)
colonists dumped tea into harbor in protest of tea act (dressed as indians)
what is the boston massacre (1770)
altercation between red coats and colonists in which british opened fire and 5 colonists were killed
what is the first continental congress (1774)
first time colonists came together. each colony should form a militia
what is common sense (1775)
pro war pamphlet written by thomas paine
what is the second continental congress (1775)
washington was commander in chief. prepared for war
what is shot heard around the world (1775)
first shot fired in war at lexington, MA
what is the battle of concord (1775)
first official battle of revolution
what is the declaration of independence (1776)
july 4, 1776 - declared independence from britain
what is the battle of yorktown (1781)
place where cornwallis surrendered to bring end to revolution
what is the treaty of paris 1783
treaty that ended the american revolution
what printed materials are taxed prior the revolution
newspapers, bibles, playing cards, birth certificates
who said the british were coming
paul revere
where was the shot heard around the world
lexington
what does the rebel flag look like
13 stars and red and white stripes
where did the soldiers seize arsenal
concord
where did the soldiers chase the redcoats back to
boston
what did the shot heard around the world signify
beginning of the american revolution
who was the colonel at bunker hill
colonel prescott
who were the colonists’ allies
spain and france
what did spain and france do
loaned them ships and guns
what happened at yorktown
british could not retreat and cornwallis surrendered
what are the 8 causes of the american revolution
- england’s neglect of the colonies
- taxation without representation
- limitation of individuals rights
- taxation
- mercantilism
- trade restrictions
- free enterprise
- economic power
what is the declaratory act?
passed this act after stamp act was repealed. parliament could make laws binding colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
know map of 13 british colonies
- need to know Mississippi River, Ohio River, and St. Lawrence River
- 5 lakes, Atlantic ocean, gulf of Mexico
- 13 colonies (new england, middle, and southern)
2 advantages held by France
- the French had built a strong network of forts from Quebec, along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi
- the French enlisted the support of many powerful Indian tribes. the Hurons, in particular, were strongly allied to the French
2 advantages held by England
- the English had a much larger population in America than the French and the people were much closer together
- The English had a great many material resources (food, weapons, etc.) readily available in the colonies
What are the four provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
- England received Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River
- France was allowed to keep two small islands off the coast of Newfoundland as bases of her fishing fleets
- By secret treaty France had ceded the Louisiana Purchase to Spain
- Spain ceded Florida to England in return for the island of Cuba
what happened at the second continental congress
(1774-1775) the british government continued to refuse compromise. it reacted to declaration of rights as it had other expressions of colonial discontent. this is where they established the american military force and established george washington as commander in chief.
describe “taxation without representation”
they objected the taxes imposed on them and they believed they had no representation on american soil to protect their individual rights
define confederation
a joining of several groups for a common purpose
define delegates
representatives that have the power to raise military, make war and peace, trade, and collect custom duties
define repealed
withdrawn or canceled
list and briefly describe the 4 common features of state constitution
- popular sovereignty - government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed
- limited government - power delegated to government were granted reluctantly and had many restrictions
- civil rights and liberties - hold alienable rights by the people
- separation of powers and checks and balances - executive, legislative, and judicial restrain actions of other branches in government
true or false: self government in the early days of the colonies was made possible by the great distance between north america and england
true
who created the albany plan of the union
benjamin franklin
true or false: the colonists’ unhappiness with taxation without representation, expressed in the declaration of rights, came as a surprise to the british king
false
which of the following served as the first national government of the US
second continental congress
which of the following was NOT an example of early colonial attempts at unity
the french and indian war
who wrote the declaration of independence
thomas jefferson
which of the following defines the principle of popular sovereignty
government exists and functions only with the consent of the governed; people hold political power
who sailed to america in 1620
pilgrims
what ship did the pilgrims sail on
mayflower
where did the pilgrims land
plymouth rock
were the pilgrims still loyal to the king
at this point, the pilgrims were missing their mother england and they swore their loyalty till the very end
who was the king during this time
george III
what did the king do to the colonists
he taxed their property and did not give them a choice or voice (taxation without representation)
what were the french planning on taking over
Great Lakes region
what is the large french fort at the present day site of Pittsburgh, PA
Fort Duquesne
what english fort did george washington establish near fort duquesne
fort necessity
who was the general who led the battle at fort duquesne
edward braddock
who took over England’s war effort in 1757
william pitt
what happened in 1643
the MA bay, plymouth, new haven, and connecticut settlements formed the new england confederation; formed “league of friendship”
what happened in 1765
stamp act congress met to prepare protest - declaration of rights and grievances *first time colonies joined to opposed government
what happened on march 5, 1770
boston massacre
what happened on december 16, 1773
boston tea party
what happened on september 5, 1774
delegates met in philadelphia for first continental congress meeting to discuss worsening situation with england
what happened on april 19, 1775
lexington and concord (first battle of revolutionary war) took place
what happened on july 4, 1776
declaration of independence was adopted - proclaiming US as an independent nation
what happened in 1754
ben franklin proposed the albany plan of union. this was an early plan for government but was rejected
colonists pre-revolutionary war beliefs
left - rebel (patriots)
middle - neutralist
right - loyalist
