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U.S. Government > Chapter 5,6,7 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5,6,7 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

selecting candidates; the activity that sets political parties apart from other political groups

A

nominating

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2
Q

informing and activating supporters; inform people and activate their interests in public affairs; parties share this function with ______________ and __________ groups

A

media, interest

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3
Q

governing; helps _______ and executive branches work together; most appointments to executive branches are made on basis of ______, or allegiance to a political party

A

legislative; partisanship

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4
Q

____________; party that is ________________ criticizes the party that controls the government; the loyal opposition urges votes to _________

A

watchdog; out of power, throw the rascals out

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5
Q

all _________ can be defined as groups of persons who join together because they want to gain control of the government through winning elections

A

political parties

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6
Q

allegiance to a political party is known as __________

A

partisanship

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7
Q

in the united states, the major ____________ are the Democrats and the Republicans

A

parties

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8
Q

the party that controls the executive branch is known as

A

party in power

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9
Q

(true/false) the two major parties in the united states and election oriented rather than issue oriented

A

true

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10
Q

(true/false) most federal appointments to executive offices are made on a partisan basis

A

true

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11
Q

a political party is a group of persons who join together in order to

A

gain control of the government through the electoral process

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12
Q

broadly based parties like those in the united state tend to reduce and moderate

A

encouraging conflicting groups to agree to compromise solutions

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13
Q

5 roles/functions of political parties

A
  1. nominating candidates for public office
  2. inform/activate supporters
  3. establish issues and set goals for government
  4. to serve as watchdogs of the government/keep eye on other party
  5. provide day to day leadership in government
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14
Q

what is consensus

A

general agreement

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15
Q

what is pluralistic society

A

culture composed of many distinct subgroups

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16
Q

the two party system in america goes back to the

A

ratification of the constitution

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17
Q

the statement that “americans are an ideologically homogeneous people” refers to the fact that

A

americans share basic political ideals

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18
Q

multiparty systems tend to produce

A

political instability

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19
Q

which of the following groups would be most likely to support the democratic party

A

people whose parents supported the democratic party

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20
Q

in the 1996 presidential election, president bill clinton was the (in the 2012 election, barack obama was the same)

A

incumbent

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21
Q

which of the following was supported by the democratic-republicans

A

polices designed to help farmers and planters

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22
Q

what are the names of the two major political parties in the united states

A

democrats and republicans

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23
Q

the smaller political parties are usually called __________ parties

A

third (minor/independent) parties

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24
Q

people who don’t want to register as a member of a political party can register as

A

nonpartisan (independent)

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25
Q

name three things that activate party members do during a campaign to get votes for their candidate

A
  1. make phone calls
  2. knock on doors
  3. film videos for friends
  4. work to register voters
  5. drive people to polling parties
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26
Q

what are the 4 minor parties

A
  1. ideological parties
  2. single issue parties
  3. economic protest parties
  4. splinter parties
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27
Q

what are ideological parties and list an example

A

based on a particular set of beliefs - a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

examples: libertarian party

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28
Q

what are single issue parties and list an example

A

focus on only one public policy matter

examples: right to life party

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29
Q

what are economic protest parties and list 2 examples

A

they have proclaimed their disgust with the major parties and demanded better times, and have focused their anger on such real or imagined enemies as the monetary system, “wall street bankers,” the railroads, or foreign imports

examples: the populist party and tea party

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30
Q

what are splinter parties and list an example

A

those trial have split away from one of the major parties

examples: “bull moose” progressive party of 1912 (t. roosevelt)

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31
Q

what tends to happen to single issue parties

A

fade away into history, themes fail to attract voters

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32
Q

which type of minor party has been the longest lived

A

ideological parties

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33
Q

what useful functions have minor parties performed in american history

A

national conventions; draw attention to problems ignored by major parties

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34
Q

(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the “free choice” party is formed by people intent on legalizing the use of marijuana for medical purposes

A

single issue party

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35
Q

(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) a group of democrats, dissatisfied with the party’s moderate nominee, decides to form a new “people’s rights” party to back their more liberal leader, henry j smith

A

splinter party

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36
Q

(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) a group of angry midwestern farmers and laborers forms the “working people’s” party, calling for higher tariffs, higher farm subsidies, and congressional term limitations

A

economic protest party

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37
Q

(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the “socialist justice” party calls for a complete overhaul of the american political, economic, and legal systems

A

ideological party

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38
Q

(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the “equity” party works for an end to affirmative action programs

A

single issue party

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39
Q

libertarian party

A

ideological party

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40
Q

democratic party

A

major party

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41
Q

populist party

A

economic protest party

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42
Q

bull moose party

A

splinter party

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43
Q

prohibition party

A

single issue party

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44
Q

the free soil party, the “know nothing” party, and the right to life party are all examples of

A

single issue parties

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45
Q

which of the following is a TRUE statement about splinter parties

A

most of the important minor parties in the nation’s history have been splinter parties

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46
Q

unlike major parties, minor parties

A

take clear cut stands on controversial issues

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47
Q

what is a political party

A

a group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office

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48
Q

what are major parties

A

includes republican and democratic party (since 1884)

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49
Q

what is party in power

A

the party that controls the executive branch of government - the presidency at the national level of the governorship at the state level

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50
Q

what is plurality

A

the largest number of votes cast for the office, election includes 2 or more people

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51
Q

what is bipartisan

A

two major parties find common ground and work together

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52
Q

what is pluralistic society

A

one consisting of several distinct cultures and groups

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53
Q

what is consensus

A

a general agreement among various groups - on fundamental matters

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54
Q

what is multiparty

A

a system in which several major and many lesser parties exit, seriously competing for, and actually win, public offices

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55
Q

what is an incumbent

A

current officeholder

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56
Q

what is an electorate

A

people eligible to vote

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57
Q

what are ideological parties

A

those based on a particular set of beliefs - a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

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58
Q

what are single issue parties

A

focus on only one public-policy matter

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59
Q

what are economic protest parties

A

have been rooted in periods of economic discontent

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60
Q

what are splinter parties

A

those that have split away from one of the major parties

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61
Q

what is party out of party

A

party that doesn’t control the executive branch

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62
Q

constitution 1789

A

white male property owners over 21

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63
Q

constitution 1850 (dropped religious and property qualifications)

A

almost all adult white males

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64
Q

constitution 1870 (15th amendment)

A

adult males including african males

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65
Q

constitution 1920 (19th amendment)

A

women given the right to vote

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66
Q

constitution 1971 (26th amendment)

A

include 18,19,20 year old meant and women

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67
Q

during the last 200 years, americans have broader the right to vote by eliminating barriers based on ________ belief, ____________ ownership, _____________ payment, race, and ______________

A

religious, property, tax, sex

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68
Q

the right to vote

A

franchise and suffrage

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69
Q

the potential voting population

A

electorate

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70
Q

(true/false) in the first decades after ratification of the constitution, some states denied voting rights to people based on their religious beliefs

A

true

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71
Q

(true/false) the 23rd amendment allowed residents of the district of columbia to vote in presidential elections

A

true

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72
Q

the fifth and latest expansion of the american electorate came in 1971 when suffrage was extended to

A

persons 18 and above

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73
Q

under the constitution, the power to set suffrage qualifications belongs to

A

the states

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74
Q

the voting rights act of 1965 was an effort to ensure voting rights for

A

african americans

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75
Q

who can vote today

A

eighteen, citizen, resident of state, and registered

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76
Q

groups of citizens who could vote in 1800

A

white men over 21 who owned property

77
Q

what is an electorate

A

the body of persons entitled to vote in an election

78
Q

what is ratified

A

to approve

79
Q

what is poll tax

A

a fee paid to vote

80
Q

14th amendment

A

white men who don’t own property

81
Q

15th amendment

A

black men over 21

82
Q

19th amendment

A

women

83
Q

23rd amendment

A

residents of washington dc

84
Q

26th amendment

A

18 to 20 year olds

85
Q

what are the two reasons that states adopted residency requirements

A
  1. to prevent the importing of enough people to fix the outcome of an election
  2. to ensure that voters have time to inform themselves about candidates and issues
86
Q

what is the oldest minimum age a state can set for voters

A

18

87
Q

what kinds of information are voters usually asked to give when they register to vote

A

name, age, place of birth, present address, length of residence

88
Q

why were literacy tests abolished

A

they were used to discriminate against people based on their race

89
Q

in what region of the country was the poll tax once used? why was it abolished?

A

in the south; because it was used to discourage african americans from voting

90
Q

what groups of persons are widely barred from voting

A

people in mental hospitals, those who are legally found to be mentally incompetent, and those conceited of serious crimes

91
Q

__________ is the ability to read or write

A

literacy

92
Q

_________ was a sum of money that had to be paid by the voter at the time he or she cast a ballot

A

poll tax

93
Q

election officials are regularly supposed to _______ their ________ of the names of those who no longer meet voting requirements

A

purge, poll books

94
Q

what is registration

A

procedure of voter identification

95
Q

what is literacy

A

ability to read or write

96
Q

what is transient

A

person who lives in a state for a short time

97
Q

what are poll books

A

list of a precinct’s registered voters

98
Q

what is purge

A

remove from a list of legal voters

99
Q

no states allows ___ to vote

A

mentally incompetent persons

100
Q

the youngest age at which qualified citizens are allowed to vote in primary elections is

A

17

101
Q

voter registration laws have been criticized in recent years for

A

discouraging poor and uneducated persons from voting

102
Q

literacy tests were banned by ____ because they were ____

A

congress; used to discriminate against african americans

103
Q

the _______ was ratified in 1870. it states that no citizen can be denied suffrage on the basis of ____, color, or previous condition of ______

A

15th amendment, race, servitude

104
Q

the _________ forbade discriminatory _________ requirements

A

civil rights act of 1964, registration or literacy

105
Q

the ___________ attacked the use of the __ tax and _____ tests

A

voting rights act of 1965, poll, literacy

106
Q

in 1975 the law was extended to cover states and counties in which more than 5% of the adult population belongs to the following groups

A

hispanics, asian americans, native americans, inactive americans

107
Q

(true/false) today ballots must be printed in a second language in areas where language minorities make up more than 5% of the population

A

true

108
Q

the law that made the 15th amendment a truly effective part of the constitution was the

A

voting rights act of 1965

109
Q

the law that outlawed discrimination in job related matters and banned the discriminatory use of registration requirements was the

A

civil rights act of 1964

110
Q

(true/false) about 75% of those eligible to vote did so in the 2000 presidential election

A

false

111
Q

(true/false) the “time zone fallout” problem has to do with the fact that polls on the eastern seaboard often close before most people leave work in the evening

A

false

112
Q

(true/false) independents are people who have strong party affiliation

A

false

113
Q

(true/false) this process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions is known as political socialization

A

true

114
Q

the largest of the following groups that cannot vote is

A

resident aliens

115
Q

which of the following persons is most likely to vote

A

a 48 year old college professor in chicago

116
Q

in the long term, ____ account(s) for how an individual votes most of the time, but in a given election, _____ may be more important

A

party identification, candidates and issues

117
Q

what is registration

A

the process of officially filling out the paperwork and signing up to vote. (procedure of voter identification intended to prevent fraudulent voting)

118
Q

what is purging (the voter registration records)

A

the removal of registered voters that are no longer eligible to vote, should happen every 2-4 years in order to remove those who have moved, died, or is convicted of a felony and sent to prison

119
Q

what are poll books

A

the official lists of qualified voters in each precinct

120
Q

what is off year election

A

the elections that take place in even numbered years between presidential when congressional elections take place (2014, 2018 off year)

121
Q

what is political socialization

A

the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions

122
Q

what is party identification

A

the loyalty of people to a particular political party (party identification is the single most significant predictor of how a person will vote)

123
Q

what is straight ticket voting

A

the practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election

124
Q

what is split ticket voting

A

the practice of voting for candidates of more than one party in an election (cross over voting)

125
Q

what is an independent

A

a term regularly used to identify those people who have no party affiliation

126
Q

what is political action committees (PACs)

A

the political arms of special interest groups

127
Q

what are subsidies

A

grants of money from federal and/or state treasuries

128
Q

what is soft money

A

money given to state and local party organizations for such “party building activities” as voter registration or party mailings and advertisements; money given to state and local organizations for voting related activities

129
Q

what is hard money

A

money that is subject to reporting requirements and amount limits; campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC

130
Q

the nominating process

A

narrows the field of possible candidates for an election

131
Q

voters select government officials during the

A

general election

132
Q

in a closed primary

A

generally only registered party members may vote (CA is a closed primary)

133
Q

the election process is largely governed by

A

state law

134
Q

congress has set the day for national elections as

A

the tuesday after the first monday in november in even numbered years

135
Q

the place at which voters actually vote is a

A

polling place

136
Q

an australian ballot

A

is printed at the public’s expense, lists the names of all candidates, and is given out only at the polls

137
Q

which of the following is an example of soft money

A

money given to a major party for a television ad about the party’s goals

138
Q

self announcement

A

a candidate files paperwork officially with the intent of running for office; candidate themselves or friend notifies the public

139
Q

convention

A

elected delegates select party’s nominees

140
Q

direct primary

A

party members vote for candidates from their party on a ballot that has both parties

141
Q

closed primary

A

only declared parties members can only vote for candidates of their own party

142
Q

open primary

A

qualified voters in/out of a party can vote

143
Q

why is the nominating process particularly important in a two party system

A

narrows person’s choices from 17 to 1

144
Q

(true/false) nomination means the naming of candidates who will seek office

A

true

145
Q

(true/false) in a nonpartisan election, candidates are not identified by party

A

true

146
Q

what is nomination

A

naming of candidates for office

147
Q

what is caucus

A

like minded group that meets to select candidates for office

148
Q

what is blanket primary

A

primary in which a voter may vote to nominate a candidate from either party

149
Q

what is open primary

A

primary in which any qualified voter can take part

150
Q

what is closed primary

A

primary in which a voter may vote only for those candidates within the party of which he or she is a member

151
Q

write in candidates use the nominating process of

A

self announcement

152
Q

the most recently developed method of selecting candidates for office is

A

the direct primary

153
Q

national convention (term or when it takes place)

A

every 4th year in presidential election

154
Q

national convention (role)

A

to nominate the party’s presidential and vice presidential candidates, adoption of party s rules and the writing of its platform

155
Q

national committee (role)

A

handles party’s affairs, staging party’s national convention, and prepares next national convention

156
Q

national chairperson (term or when it takes place)

A

4 year term

157
Q

congressional campaign (term and when it takes place)

A

2 year term

158
Q

congressional campaign (role)

A

reelect incumbents, makes sure that seats given up by retiring party members remain in the party unseat incumbents of any party

159
Q

the party out of power operates at a disadvantage because it has no leader comparable to

A

president

160
Q

in recent years, there has been a sharp rise in the number of voters who identify themselves as

A

independents

161
Q

what is ward

A

a unit into which cities are often divided for the election of city council members

162
Q

what is precinct

A

smallest unit of election administration; voters in each report to 1 polling place

163
Q

what is split ticket voting

A

voting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election

164
Q

(true/false) split ticket voting has increased in recent decades

A

true

165
Q

(true/false) wards are the units into which states are divided for the election of congressional representatives

A

false

166
Q

(true/false) in recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in the number of voters who regard themselves as independents

A

true

167
Q

the automatic leader of the party in power is the

A

president

168
Q

between elections, the affairs of both major parties are handled by each party’s

A

national committee

169
Q

Main Idea A

A

candidates spend a great deal of money on political campaigns

170
Q

main idea A (2 examples)

A
  • the presidential election eats up by far the largest share of campaign dollars
  • television accounts for the largest share of spending, with other money spent on etc
171
Q

main idea B

A

private donors come in many different shapes and sizes

172
Q

main idea B (2 examples)

A
  • non party groups, such as PACs and temporary fund raising groups
  • temporary organizations formed for the specific campaign
173
Q

main idea C

A

laws that the federal election commission (FEC) enforces cover four areas

174
Q

main idea C (2 examples)

A
  • limits on campaign contributions

- limits on campaign expenditures

175
Q

main idea D (there are three major loopholes in campaign finance laws) (2 examples)

A
  • soft money contributions can easily be filtered into presidential and congressional campaigns
  • campaign money can be spent on issue ads that plug a candidates viewpoint without mentioning the candidates name
176
Q

(true/false) by far the largest sum spent in political campaigns goes to buying television time

A

true

177
Q

(true/false) neither corporations nor labor unions are allowed to make direct contributions to candidates for federal office

A

true

178
Q

(true/false) soft money operates as a loophole in election laws because it is given to political parties rather than to political candidates

A

true

179
Q

most of the money used in political campaigns comes from

A

large donations by private givers

180
Q

political action committees (PACs) are

A

special interest groups that have a major stake in public policy

181
Q

list 3 reasons why do many citizens choose not to exercise their right to vote

A
  • citizens do not care
  • they do not feel represented by any candidate or party
  • citizens believe their vote doesn’t count
182
Q

the right to vote is also known as

A

suffrage

183
Q

4 voting requirements in california

A
  1. US citizen
  2. resident of california
  3. 18 years or older on election day
  4. not currently imprisoned or on parole or mentally incompetent
184
Q

3 reasons why some groups were denied the right to vote

A
  1. had mental illness
  2. currently imprisoned
  3. on parole
185
Q

voters should be well-___________ of the issues and candidates before the vote

A

informed

186
Q

6 sources you could use to gather information to decide how you will vote

A
  1. internet (candidate’s website)
  2. social media
  3. mail
  4. speeches
  5. debates
  6. books
187
Q

pick 2 sources and explain why you consider those sources reliable

A

I consider the speeches and candidate’s website 2 sources that are reliable. for one, the speeches serve as information coming directly from the candidate and their websites is a platform that informs people on what they stand for

188
Q

national chairperson (role)

A

directs work of the party’s headquarters and its small staff in washington, strengthen party and its fortunes leader of national committee

U.S. Government (12 decks)

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