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ACE Fit > Considerations for Clients with Chronic Disease > Flashcards

Considerations for Clients with Chronic Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors to modify training methods

A

Characteristics of the disease
Any restrictions that the disease places on clients and how they will respond to exercise
Disease severity
Safety concerns
Activities to emphasize
Activities to avoid

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2
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (atherosclerotic heart disease)

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen.
Inflammatory response within the arterial walls resulting from an initial injury (high BP, elevated LDL, elevated blood glucose, or other chemical agents

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3
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with cardiovascular disease (Cardiorespiratory Training)

A

Frequency: At least 3, but preferably 5x a week
Intensity: Moderate to vigorous
Time: Eventual goal of 20-60 mins
Type: Rhythmic, large muscle group exercise

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4
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with cardiovascular disease (Muscular Training)

A

Frequency: 2-3 days per week, 48 hrs rest
Intensity: 40-60% 1-RM, 10-15 reps, RPE 11-13
Time: N/A
Type: Various

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5
Q

Blood Pressure in Adults

A

Normal: <120, <80
Elevated: 120-129, <80
Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139, 80-89
Stage 2 Hypertension: >140, >90

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6
Q

Lifestyle modifications to manage Hypertension

A

Weight reduction; BMI 18.5-24.9
Adopt DASH eating Plan
Dietary sodium reduction
Physical Activity
Moderation of Alcohol

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7
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Hypertension (Cardiovascular Training)

A

Frequency: Most days of the week
Intensity: 40-59% HRR or VO2R, RPE 12-13, or Below VT1
Time: Eventual goal of 30 mins continuous
Type: Rhythmic, large muscle group exercise

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8
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Hypertension (Muscular Training)

A

Frequency: 2-3 days week
Intensity: 60-80% 1 RM, 40-50% 1RM for older adults/novice
Time: 2-4 sets 8-12 reps
Type: Machine/free weights. Avoid Valsalva manuever

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9
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients recovering from Stroke (Cardiovascular Training)

A

Frequency: 3-5 days per week
Intensity: 40-70% HRR, RPE 11-14
Time: Progressively increase from 20-60 mins. Consider multiple bouts through day
Type: Some use of equipment may need modifications

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9
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients recovering from Stroke (Muscular Training)

A

Frequency: 2 nonconsecutive days/week
Intensity: 50-70% 1 RM
Time: 1-3 sets of 8-15 reps
Type: Use equipment and exercises that improve safety in those with deficits

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10
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Cardiovascular Training)

A

Frequency: 3-5 days/week
Intensity: Moderate, below VT1, do not exceed 3 out of 4 on claudication pain
Time: 30-45 mins, may progress to 60
Type: Weight bearing, walking

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11
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Muscular Training)

A

Frequency: At least 2 nonconsecutive days
Intensity: 60-80% 1 RM
Time: 2-3 sets, 8-12 reps
Type: Whole body, emphasize lower limbs if time is limited

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12
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities. Most common sites are abdominal aorta, and the iliac, femoral, popliteal, and tibial arteries

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13
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Undesirable levels of lipids

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14
Q

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

A

Contains 60-70% of body’s total cholesterol. “Bad” due to role in atherogenesis

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15
Q

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

A

Major carrier of triglycerides, contains 10-15% of the body’s total cholesterol

16
Q

Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)

A

Transports a variety of TG fats and cholesterol in the bloodstream and promotes atherogenesis. Formed from the breakdown of VLDL.

17
Q

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

“Good” cholesterol. Produced in the small intestine and liver and normally contains 20-30% of total cholesterol. Transports lipids to the liver for recycling and removal.

18
Q

Non-HDL

A

Total cholesterol minus HDL

19
Q

LDL Cholesterol Levels (mg/dL)

A

Optimal: <100
Near/Above optimal: 100-129
Borderline high: 130-159
High: 160-189
Very high: >190

20
Q

HDL Cholesterol Levels

A

Low: <40
High: >60

21
Q

Total Cholesterol Levels

A

Desirable: <200
Borderline high: 200-239
High: >240

22
Q

Classification of Triglycerides (mg/dL)

A

Normal: <150
Borderline high: 150-199
High: 200-499
Very High: >500

23
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Dyslipidemia (Cardiovascular Training)

A

Frequency: 5 or more days/week
Intensity: Below, at and above VT1, below VT2. 40-75% HRR
Time: 30-60 mins
Type: Rhythmic large muscle group exercise

24
Q

Exercise Guidelines for clients with Dyslipidemia (Muscular Training)

A

Frequency: 2-3 days/week
Intensity: 50-85% 1 RM (strength), <50% 1 RM (endurance)
Time: 2-4 sets 8-12 reps (strength), 12-20 reps (endurance
Type: machines, free weights, body weight

25
Q

METS (Metabolic Syndrome)

A

Identified by presence of 3 or more components:
1. Elevated waist circumference
2. Reduced HDL cholesterol
3. Elevated TG
4. Increased BP
5. Elevated fasting glucose

26
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone mineral density >=2.5 standard deviations below the mean for young adults

27
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the mean

28
Q

Recommended calcium and vitamin D intake

A

1,000 mg/day for men 50-70
1,200 mg/day for women over 51 and men over 71
800-1,000 IU/day vitamin D

29
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective, objective, assessment, plant

30
Q

FAST

A

Facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, time to call emergency services

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of stroke

A

Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arms, or legs
Confusion or trouble speaking or understanding
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Walking problems, dizziness, or loss of balance and coordination
Severe headache with no known cause

32
Q

Risk factors for dyslipidemia

A

Smoking
Diet
Physical Inactivity
Body fat distribution
Certain medications

33
Q

Risk factors for diabetes

A

Physical inactivity
Excess caloric intake
Nutritional deficiencies
Overweight and obesity
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Smoking

34
Q

Exercise induced Bronchoconstriction

A

EIB
Temporary narrowing of the airways following moderate to vigorous exercise

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