Connective Tissue -Book

Question 1

what are the functions of CT

Answer 1

-enclosing and seperating other tissues
-connecting tissues to one another
-supporting and moving parts of the body
-storing compounds
-cushioning and insulating
-transporting-
protecting

Question 2

Mast cells

Answer 2

play an important role in inflammation

contain chemicals like heparin, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes that are released during injury

Question 3

what are 3 things that make the extracellular matix of CT

Answer 3

protein fibers, ground substance and fluid

Question 4

how much of our body is collagen

Answer 4

1/4-1/3 of total body protein and 6% of total body weight

Question 5

collagen detail

Answer 5

• synthesized within fibroblasts
• strong and flexible, not very elstic- ropes
• type 123

Question 6

collagen types

Answer 6

type 1 is most abundant- well suited tendons, ligaments, skin , and bone

• type 2 found in cartillage
• type 3 is found in reticular fibers

Question 7

reticular fibers are not

Answer 7

as strong as collagen fibers

Question 8

elastic fibers

Answer 8

provide elasticity of the skin, lungs, and arteries.

Question 9

areolar tissue

Answer 9

Loose packing material of most organs and tissues, also known as stroma
Attaches skin to underlying tissues. Superficial fascia = subcutaneous layer = hypodermis
Contains collagen, reticular, elastic fibers and all five types of cells
Often seen in association with other types of C.T., like reticular tissue and fat
Cells include fibroblasts, mast cells, lymphocytes, adipose cells, macrophages

Question 10

adipose tissue

Answer 10

Predominant cells are adipocytes -lipids 
made of large cells and small amount of extracellular matrix
function as insulator, protectant, and energy storage

Question 11

yellow adipose

Answer 11

(white). Most abundant type, has a wide distribution. White at birth and yellows with age.

Carotenes come from plants and can be metabolized into vitamin A.
Scant ring of cytoplasm surrounding single large lipid droplet. Nuclei flattened and eccentric.

Question 12

brown adipose

Answer 12

Brown. Found only in specific areas of body
axillae, neck and near kidneys
adult metabolism
and baby temperture control

Question 13

reticular tissue

Answer 13

Forms superstructure of lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues
Network of fine reticular fibers and reticular cells.
Spaces between cells contain white cells and dendritic cells

Question 14

Dense regular CT

Answer 14

has protein fibers in the extracellular matrix that are oriented premodminantly in one direction

Question 15

dense regular collagenous CT

Answer 15

Has abundant collagen fibers that resist stretching

Forms tendons and ligaments

Question 16

Dense regular elastic CT

Answer 16

Ligaments in vocal folds; nuchal ligament

Collagen fibers give strength (for when you shout), but elastic fibers are more prevalent

Question 17

What is the differences between tendons and ligaments

Answer 17

collagen fibers of ligaments are less compact
some fibers of many ligaments are not parallel
Collagen often less compact, usually flattened, form sheets or bands

Question 18

dense irregular collagenous CT

Answer 18

Protein fibers arranged in a randomly oriented network

Forms innermost layer of the dermis of the skin, scars, capsules of kidney and spleen

Question 19

dense irregular collagenous CT forms most of the

Answer 19

dermis, and connective capsules that surround organs like the kidney and spleen

Question 20

dense irregular collagenous CT is found

Answer 20

in the walls of elastic arteries.

Question 21

dense irregular elastic CT is found

Answer 21

Bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers oriented in multiple directions
In walls of elastic arteries
Strong, yet elastic

Question 22

cartillage

Answer 22

Composed of chondrocytes located in matrix-surrounded spaces called lacunae.

Type of cartilage determined by components of the matrix.

Question 23

structure and ground substance of cartillage

Answer 23

Firm consistency.
Avascular and no nerve supply. Heals slowly.

Ground substance: Proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid complexed together trap large amounts of water. Tissue can spring back after being compressed

Question 24

Perichondrium

Answer 24

Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.

Question 25

Fibroblasts of perichondrium can

Answer 25

differentiate into chondroblasts.

Question 26

hyaline catillage

Answer 26

Structure: large amount of collagen fibers evenly distributed in proteoglycan matrix. Smooth surface in articulations
Locations:
Found in areas for strong support and some flexibility: rib cage, trachea, and bronchi
In embryo forms most of skeleton
Involved in growth that increases bone length

Question 27

fibrocartilage

Answer 27

Structure: thick collagen fibers distributed in proteoglycan matrix; slightly compressible and very tough
Locations: found in areas of body where a great deal of pressure is applied to joints
Knee, jaw, between vertebrae

Question 28

elastic cartillage

Answer 28

Structure: elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans. Rigid but elastic properties
Locations: external ears and epiglottis