Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 5 Powerpoints > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Powerpoints Flashcards

1
Q

what are the overview functions of the integumentary system?

A 
regulation of temperature
vitamin D production
immunity
protections
excretion
sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous?

A

Epidermis: Superficial layer of epithelial tissue.
Dermis: Deep layer of connective tissue.
Structural strength
Subcutaneous tissue
Not part of skin
Loose connective tissue that connects skin to underlying structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the characteristics of epidermis?

A

Avascular; nourished by diffusion from capillaries of the papillary layer of the dermis
Composed of cells arranged into layers or strata.
Separated from dermis by basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Keratinocytes: most cells of the epidermis Produce keratin for strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Langerhans’ cells:

A

part of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

detect light touch, and superficial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Desquamate

A

cells of the deeper layers undergo mitosis; as they move toward the surface, older cells slough off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Keratinization

A

as cells move outward through the layers they fill with keratin, die, and
serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thick skin

A

Has all 5 epithelial strata
Found in areas subject to pressure or friction
Palms of hands, fingertips, soles of feet
Fingerprints and footprints. Papillae of underlying dermis in parallel rows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thin skin

A

More flexible than thick skin
Covers rest of body
Hair grows here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

callus

A

Increase in number of layers in stratum corneum. When this occurs over a bony prominence, a corn forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what 3 factors affect skin color?

A

pigments, blood circulating through the skin, thickness of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is pigment?

A

Melanin: provides protection against UV light.
Production determined by genetics, hormones, exposure to light
Chemicals derived from tyrosine (tyrosinase is needed)
Colored brown to black, may be yellowish or reddish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

melanocytes

A

Melanocytes. processes extend between keratinocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

albinism

A

Albinism: deficiency or absence of pigment (tyrosinase-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carotene

A

Carotene: yellow pigment. From vegetables. Accumulates in stratum corneum, in adipose cells of dermis, and in Subcutaneous tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood circulating through the skin

A

Imparts reddish hue and increases during blushing, anger, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cyanosis

A

Cyanosis: blue color caused by decrease in blood oxygen content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the characteristics of dermis?

A

Gives structural strength.
C.T. with many fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages. Some adipocytes and blood vessels.
Contains nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels.
Sensory functions: pain, itch, tickle, temperature, touch, pressure, two-point discrimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stratum corneum

A

Most superficial and consists of cornified cells

lipids and dead cells

21
Q

thick and thin skin is based on what layer of the skin?

A

epidermis

22
Q

where can calluses and corns develop?

A

thick and thin skin

23
Q

melanocytes

A

irregulary shaped cells with many long processes that extend between the kertainocytes of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum.
melanocytes also produce and package melanin into vesicles called melanosomes.
-contribute to skin color. Melanin produced by these cells then transferred to keratinocytes.

24
Q

psoriasis

A

when large parts of epidermal tissue are sloughed off

25
Q

stratum basale

A

Deepest portion of epidermis and single layer held by hemidesmosomes. High mitotic activity and cells become keratinized

  • melanocytes
  • cubodial or columnar cells
  • desomosomes hold the keritnocytes together
26
Q

stratum spinosum

A

Limited cell division. Desmosomes. Lamellar (lipid) bodies and additional keratin fibers
-shrink expecept where they are attached to desmosomes, so they look spiny

27
Q

stratum granulosum

A

Contains keratohyalin in cytoplasm of the cell In superficial layers nucleus and other organelles degenerate and cell dies
-lamellar bodies make it to the cell

28
Q

stratum lucidum

A

Thin, clear zone. Found only in palms and soles, thick skin

layers of dead cells

29
Q

cornified cells

A

dead cells with a hard protein envelope, filled with keratin

30
Q

erythema

A

condition in which the skin turns a reddish hue when the amount of blood flowing through the skin

31
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

deep pressure

32
Q

meissner corpuscles

A

detecting simultaneous stimulating at 2 points on the skin

33
Q

ruffini end organs

A

sensing continuous touch or pressure

34
Q

papillary layer

A

Areolar loose CT with lots of elastic fibers
GRIP
contains blood vessels that give epidermis nutrients and oxygen.
Dermal papillae, capillary beds, Fingerprints. Whorls of ridges.
Touch receptors (Meissner’s), free nerve endings sensing pain

35
Q

reticular layer

A

dense irregular CT
main layer of the dermis
irregular fibers that are resistant to stretching

36
Q

subcutaneous layer main cells

A

fibroblasts, adiposytes, and macrophages

37
Q

how much fat is in the subcutaneous layer

A

half

38
Q

lanugo

A

unpigmented hair that covers the fetus

39
Q

terminal hairs

A

pugmented hairs that replace the languno on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows

40
Q

vellus hairs

A

short and fin, usually unpigmened cover the rest of the body

41
Q

TERMINAL HAIR

A

REGULAR HAIR , reaplaces much of the vellus

eyelashed, scalp

42
Q

where is hair produced

A

matrix

43
Q

What type of cells does hair consist of

A

epithelial dead keratinized

44
Q

what type of keratin does hair have

A

mostly hard

45
Q

when does the hair fall out

A

hair falls out after resting period

46
Q

most of the nail is produces by the

A

nail matrix

47
Q

what conditions increase the amount of melanin?

A 
All of these conditions increase the amount of melanin in the skin EXCEPT:
exposure to ultraviolet light.
pregnancy.
Addison's disease.		
freckles.
48
Q

what does the hair folicel contain?

A

The hair follicle

A)	has an epithelial root sheath and a dermal root sheath.

B)	can provide epithelial cells for skin repair.

C)	contains only the stratum germinativum at the hair bulb.

D)	has an arrector pili muscle attached.

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions