Chapter 4 book

Question 1

what tissues are most diverse in form?

Answer 1

connective and epithelial

Question 2

true or false: tissue are interdependent

Answer 2

true

Question 3

what do germ layers do?

Answer 3

give rise to all tissues in the body

Question 4

what happens 13-14 days after fertilization?

Answer 4

the emboryonic stems cells that give rise to a new individual form a slightly elongated disk consisting og the epibals and hypoblast.

Question 5

neuroectoderm

Answer 5

becomes the nervous system

Question 6

neueral crest cells

Answer 6

break of from the neuroectoderm and give rise to peropheal nerves, skin pugment, the medulla of the adrenal gland, and many tissues of the face.

Question 7

what is the lateral surface for epithelial cells

Answer 7

where they are attached to other epithelial cells

Question 8

what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

simple epithelium, stratified epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 9

what are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

cuboidal, columnar, and squamous

Question 10

where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 10

urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Question 11

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 11

moist- have a layer of fluid that covers the outermost layers of cells
found in mouth, esophagus, rectum and vagina

Question 12

keratinized stratifies squamous epithelium

Answer 12

found in the skin consists of living cells in the deepest layers, and the outer layers are composed of dead cells containing the protein keratin. the dead keratin cells give the tissue a dry, durable, moisture-resistant character.- found in gums and hard palate

Question 13

transitional cells are located in places that need to

Answer 13

expand and be stretched

Question 14

what do the cells and layers look like when the bladder is full?

Answer 14

flattened and squamous. layers decrease from 5-6 to 2-3

Question 15

what connects glycoproteins of each cell together?

Answer 15

desmosomes

Question 16

when are tight junctions formed?

Answer 16

to prevent passages of materials between cells.

Question 17

adhesion belt

Answer 17

belowe tight junction and acts as a weak glue to hold cells toggether

Question 18

gap junction lets

Answer 18

ions and small molecules by
may cordinate the movement of cilia
allow electrical signals between cells

Question 19

glands

Answer 19

secretory organs. mostly made of epithelium and supporting CT

Question 20

what are the cellular products of endocrine glands

Answer 20

hormones

Question 21

goblet cells

Answer 21

unicellular exocrine gland that scretes mucus

Question 22

simple glands

Answer 22

single, nonbranched duct

Question 23

compound glands

Answer 23

multiple branched ducts

Question 24

what are things that are exocreted by merocrine glands

Answer 24

Digestive juices-HCL, enzymes

Question 25

what are things that are exocreted by apocrine glands

Answer 25

Mammary glands-milk

Question 26

what are things that are exocreted by holocrine glands

Answer 26

Sebaceous glands-oil

Question 27

what are cartillage made of and where are they located

Answer 27

Composed of chondrocytes located in matrix-surrounded spaces called lacunae.

Question 28

perichondrium

Answer 28

the layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds nearly all cartillage

Question 29

hyaline cartilage

Answer 29

Structure: large amount of collagen fibers evenly distributed in proteoglycan matrix. Smooth surface in articulations
Locations:
Found in areas for strong support and some flexibility: rib cage, trachea, and bronchi
In embryo forms most of skeleton
Involved in growth that increases bone length

Question 30

Fibroblasts of perichondrium

Answer 30

can differentiate into chondroblasts

Question 31

details of cartillage

Answer 31

Firm consistency.
Ground substance: Proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid complexed together trap large amounts of water. Tissue can spring back after being compressed.
Avascular and no nerve supply. Heals slowly.

Question 32

fibrocartillage

Answer 32

Structure: thick collagen fibers distributed in proteoglycan matrix; slightly compressible and very tough
Locations: found in areas of body where a great deal of pressure is applied to joints
Knee, jaw, between vertebrae

Question 33

elastic crtilage

Answer 33

Structure: elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans. Rigid but elastic properties
Locations: external ears and epiglottis

Question 34

definition to bones

Answer 34

hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix.

Question 35

hydroxyapatite

Answer 35

the mineral, inorganic, portion consists of specialized crystals
-contains calcium and phosphate

Question 36

trabeculae

Answer 36

plates of bone-part of spongy bone

Question 37

lammella

Answer 37

thin layers- no space- in compact bone

Question 38

bone can do what more readily tha cartilage?

Answer 38

repair itself

Question 39

blood matrix is

Answer 39

liquid

Question 40

what are the 3 types of blood structures

Answer 40

WBC, RBC, and platelets

Question 41

hemopoietic tissue

Answer 41

forms blood cells
found in bone marrow
produces RBC and WBCS

Question 42

bone marrow

Answer 42

soft connective tissue in the cavities of bones

Question 43

red marrow

Answer 43

hemopoietic tissue surrounded by a framework of riticular fibers

Question 44

yellow marrow

Answer 44

yellow adipose tissue and doesn’t produce blood cells

replaces red marrow in bones

Question 45

muscle tissue-main detail

Answer 45

contracts or shortens with a force and therefore is responsible for movement