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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 4 book > Flashcards

Chapter 4 book Flashcards

1
Q

what tissues are most diverse in form?

A

connective and epithelial

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2
Q

true or false: tissue are interdependent

A

true

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3
Q

what do germ layers do?

A

give rise to all tissues in the body

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4
Q

what happens 13-14 days after fertilization?

A

the emboryonic stems cells that give rise to a new individual form a slightly elongated disk consisting og the epibals and hypoblast.

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5
Q

neuroectoderm

A

becomes the nervous system

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6
Q

neueral crest cells

A

break of from the neuroectoderm and give rise to peropheal nerves, skin pugment, the medulla of the adrenal gland, and many tissues of the face.

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7
Q

what is the lateral surface for epithelial cells

A

where they are attached to other epithelial cells

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

A

simple epithelium, stratified epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

what are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

cuboidal, columnar, and squamous

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10
Q

where is transitional epithelium found?

A

urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

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11
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

moist- have a layer of fluid that covers the outermost layers of cells
found in mouth, esophagus, rectum and vagina

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12
Q

keratinized stratifies squamous epithelium

A

found in the skin consists of living cells in the deepest layers, and the outer layers are composed of dead cells containing the protein keratin. the dead keratin cells give the tissue a dry, durable, moisture-resistant character.- found in gums and hard palate

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13
Q

transitional cells are located in places that need to

A

expand and be stretched

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14
Q

what do the cells and layers look like when the bladder is full?

A

flattened and squamous. layers decrease from 5-6 to 2-3

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15
Q

what connects glycoproteins of each cell together?

A

desmosomes

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16
Q

when are tight junctions formed?

A

to prevent passages of materials between cells.

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17
Q

adhesion belt

A

belowe tight junction and acts as a weak glue to hold cells toggether

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18
Q

gap junction lets

A

ions and small molecules by
may cordinate the movement of cilia
allow electrical signals between cells

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19
Q

glands

A

secretory organs. mostly made of epithelium and supporting CT

20
Q

what are the cellular products of endocrine glands

A

hormones

21
Q

goblet cells

A

unicellular exocrine gland that scretes mucus

22
Q

simple glands

A

single, nonbranched duct

23
Q

compound glands

A

multiple branched ducts

24
Q

what are things that are exocreted by merocrine glands

A

Digestive juices-HCL, enzymes

25
Q

what are things that are exocreted by apocrine glands

A

Mammary glands-milk

26
Q

what are things that are exocreted by holocrine glands

A

Sebaceous glands-oil

27
Q

what are cartillage made of and where are they located

A

Composed of chondrocytes located in matrix-surrounded spaces called lacunae.

28
Q

perichondrium

A

the layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds nearly all cartillage

29
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

Structure: large amount of collagen fibers evenly distributed in proteoglycan matrix. Smooth surface in articulations
Locations:
Found in areas for strong support and some flexibility: rib cage, trachea, and bronchi
In embryo forms most of skeleton
Involved in growth that increases bone length

30
Q

Fibroblasts of perichondrium

A

can differentiate into chondroblasts

31
Q

details of cartillage

A

Firm consistency.
Ground substance: Proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid complexed together trap large amounts of water. Tissue can spring back after being compressed.
Avascular and no nerve supply. Heals slowly.

32
Q

fibrocartillage

A

Structure: thick collagen fibers distributed in proteoglycan matrix; slightly compressible and very tough
Locations: found in areas of body where a great deal of pressure is applied to joints
Knee, jaw, between vertebrae

33
Q

elastic crtilage

A

Structure: elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans. Rigid but elastic properties
Locations: external ears and epiglottis

34
Q

definition to bones

A

hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix.

35
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

the mineral, inorganic, portion consists of specialized crystals
-contains calcium and phosphate

36
Q

trabeculae

A

plates of bone-part of spongy bone

37
Q

lammella

A

thin layers- no space- in compact bone

38
Q

bone can do what more readily tha cartilage?

A

repair itself

39
Q

blood matrix is

A

liquid

40
Q

what are the 3 types of blood structures

A

WBC, RBC, and platelets

41
Q

hemopoietic tissue

A

forms blood cells
found in bone marrow
produces RBC and WBCS

42
Q

bone marrow

A

soft connective tissue in the cavities of bones

43
Q

red marrow

A

hemopoietic tissue surrounded by a framework of riticular fibers

44
Q

yellow marrow

A

yellow adipose tissue and doesn’t produce blood cells

replaces red marrow in bones

45
Q

muscle tissue-main detail

A

contracts or shortens with a force and therefore is responsible for movement

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (14 decks)

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