Congenital structura; abnormalities Flashcards
What embryological structure gives rise to the upper vagina, crvix, uterus and fallopian tubes?
Paramesonephric ducts (Mulleriuan ducts)
What are the paramesonephric ducts (Mullein ducts)
A pair of passageways along the outside of the urogenital region that fuse to form the reproductive system
What are some congenital structural abnormalities of the reproductive system?
Bicornate uterus
Imperforate hymen
Transverse vaginal septae
Vaginal hypoplasia and agenesis
What is a bicornate uterus?
where there are two “horns” to the uterus, giving the uterus a heart-shaped appearance.
What are some possible complications of bicornate uterus?
Miscarriage
Premature birth
Malpresentation
How is bicornate uterus diagnosed?
Pelvic USS
What is imperforate hymen?
is where the hymen at the entrance of the vagina is fully formed, without an opening.
How may imperforate hymen present
Primary amenorrhoea with blood building up behind the hymen
This causes cyclical pain and cramping like menstruation without vaginal bleeding
How is imperforate hymen managed?
Surgical incision to create an opening
What could occur if imperforate hymen goes intreated?
Retrograde menstruation leading to endometriosis
What is transverse vaginal septae?
an error in development, where aseptum(wall) formstransverselyacross the vagina.
What are the 2 forms of transverse vaginal septae
Perforate(with a hole)
Imperforate(completely sealed)
How will perforate transverse vaginal septum present?
Menstruation will continue
Difficulty with intercourse or tampon use
How will imperforate transverse vaginal septum present?
No menstrual bleeding but cyclical cramping and pain
What are some complications of transverse vaginal septae
Infertility
Pregnancy related complications
How is transverse vaginal septum diagnosed?
Examination
USS
MRI
How is transverse vaginal septum managed?
Surgical correction (Risk of stenosis or recurrence0
What is vaginal hypoplasia?
An abnormally small vagina
What is vaginal agenesis?
An absent vagina
What causes vaginal hypoplasia and agenesis
Failure of the Mullein ducts to properly develop
How may vaginal hypoplasia and agenesis be managed?
Vaginal dilator over a prolonged period of time Vaginal surgery
