Benign pathology of the cervix Flashcards
What are some benign pathologies of the cervix?
Cervicitis
Cervical polyps
Cervical ectropion
Nabothian cysts
What is cervicitis?
Inflammation of the cervix
What are some causes of cervicitis
STIs (Especially chlamydia)
Non-specific inflammation
What is follicular cervicitis?
Presence of sub-epithelial reactive lymphoid follicles in the cervix
What is a cervical polyp?
A benign growth protruding from the inner surface of the cervix
How do cervical polyps usually present?
Asymptomatic
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (Post-coital, inter menstrual)
What investigations are required in cervical polyps?
Cervical screening
Biopsy after removal
How are cervical polyps managed?
Surgical removal due to small risk of malignant transformation
What is cervical ectropion (Erosion)
Protrusion of the fragile columnar epithelium from the endocervix (Inside) to the ectocervix (Outside)
What are some risk factors for cervical ectropion?
Increased oestrogen:
- Younger women
- CHC
- Pregnancy
Describe the structure of the cervical transformation zone
This is the border between the columnar epithelium of the canal and the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix
How may cervical ectropion present?
- Asymptomatic
- Increased vaginal discharge
- Vaginal bleeding (Esp. post-coital)
- Dyspareunia
How will cervical ectropion present on spectrum exam
Well-demarcated border between the red velvety columnar epithelium extending to the os
How is cervical ectropion managed?
No treatment if asymptomatic
Cauterisation using silver nitrate or cold coagulation during colposcopy if problematic
What are Nabothian cysts?
Fluid filled cysts often seen on the surface of the cervix
Describe the characteristics of Nabothian cysts
Usually up to 1cm in size
Harmless and non-cancerous
Whitish-yellow appearance
Smooth rounded bumps
What are some causes of Nabothian cysts
Childbirth
Minor trauma
Cervicitis
Describe the pathophysiology of Nabothian cysts
Caused by squamous epithelium trapping mucus in the mucus-secreting columnar epithelium
How are Nabothian cysts
Reassurance
No treatment - Often resolve
Colposcopy if uncertain
