Conditions across lifespan

Question 1

What is Scoliosis

Answer 1

Lateral curvature of spine
Thoracic or lumbar spine

Question 2

What its Kyphosis

Answer 2

Curvature of the spine that causes the top of the back to appear more rounded than normal
Usually postural in adolescence
Lung expansion and ventilation are affected

Question 3

What is Lordosis

Answer 3

Curvature of the bottom of the spine
Common in obesity

Question 4

What are the cardiovascular changes that occur during pregnancy

Answer 4

⇧ Ventricular wall muscle mass
⇧ Myocardial contractility
⇧ Stroke volume
⇧ Heart rate (minor – 10-20bpm)
⇧ Peripheral vasodilation
25-30% drop in systemic vascular resistance
⇧ Cardiac output
20% within first 8 weeks
Maximum at 20-28 weeks (40%)
Reduced colloid oncotic pressure (10-15%)

Question 5

What is preeclampsia

Answer 5

High blood pressure during pregnancy
Can cause coagulation disorders
Kidney Dysfunction
Blue call

Question 6

What are some symptoms of preeclampsia

Answer 6

High BP
Headache
N&V
Abdo/chest pain
Visual changes
Nosebleeds
Confusion seizures

Question 7

What is eclampsia

Answer 7

Seizures that occur in pregnant people with preeclampsia.

Symptoms of eclampsia are high blood pressure, headaches, blurry vision and convulsions.

Question 8

What are some risk factors or eclampsia

Answer 8

First pregnancy
Diabetes
Obesity
Twins or higher
Renal disesse
Young or old maternity age 16/35
Cardiovascular disease

Question 9

What are some causes of delirium

Answer 9

Acute illness (infections)
Medication changes
Dehydration
Constipation
Pain
Change in environment

Question 10

What are the 4 types of incontinence

Answer 10

Urge - sudden desire to pass urine
Stress - leaks when under pressure
Overflow - with urine retention
Functional - can’t go to toilet

Question 11

What are some consequences of incontinence

Answer 11

Damage to skin
Infection
Embarrassment
Social isolation

Question 12

What are skin tears

Answer 12

Caused by shear/friction
Can be partial thickness or full thickness
Caused by falls
Clean wound
Do not remove flap

Question 13

What are pressure sores

Answer 13

Tissue death results when the soft tissue gets squeezed between a firm spot and something external to your body. The area of damage is the pressure ulcer or sore.

Question 14

What does bariatric mean

Answer 14

Treatment of overweight patient
Greek ‘Baros’ = overweight

Question 15

How many degrees should we keep the head in an overweight patient when they are lying down for airway management

Answer 15

25 degrees

Question 16

Should we ever let an obese patient lie prone

Answer 16

No, due to positional asphyxia