Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACCP > Clinical Shock > Flashcards

Clinical Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Define shock

A

A condition characterised by impaired cellular function as a result of a reduction in the effective circulating volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three different types of shock

A

Hypovolemic - low volume
Cardiogenic - failure of the pump
Distributive - abnormal distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hypovolemic shock

A

Loss of blood through haemorrhage
Loss of plasma through burns
Loss of fluids through D&V
Severe dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cardiogenic shock

A

Reduced ability of the heart to pump effectively
Myocardial infarction
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac tamponade
Lung pathology (tension/PE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is neurogenic distributive shock

A

Neurogenic - sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms are disrupted.
Body loses venous fine
-Severe head injury
-Spinal injury
-Drug reaction
-Neurological illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three types of distributive shock

A

Neurogenic
Sepsis
Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sepsis distributive shock

A

Sepsis - damage caused by overwhelming bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is anaphylactic distributive shock

A

An ‘over reaction’ to a benign substance

Histamine and prostaglandin released into general circulation, increases oedema, laryngeal oedema and a fluid shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you tell there is internal bleeding in the lungs

A

Bright red and frothy substance coughed up through the trachea and airways.

HAEMOPTYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 signs of abdominal organs internal bleeding

A

Abdominal distension-blood, fluid

Abdominal tenderness- significant if over liver, spleen or renal angles

Generalised Guarding-suggests peritonitis (massive bleeding it perforation)

Pelvic instability- avoid repetitive examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is haematuria

A

When urine is a cloudy/smoky colour
Can sometimes see micro clots

Is a sign of Abdominal organ internal bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Grey Turners and what is it a sign of

A

Sign of haemorrhage of the pancreas

Rashy Bruising of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cullens sign and what is it a sign of

A

Bruising around the belly button

Periumbilical ecchymosis (bruising around umbilicus) or
Blood leaking into abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sign of an upper GI bleed

A

A dark coffee colour is vomitted up. Looks like coffee grounds. Had a pt with this.

Haematesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a sign of a lower GI bleed

A

Black tarry stalls
Offensive smell and tarry colour

MELENA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 stages the body goes through to compensate for blood loss

A

Initial stage
Compensatory
Progressive
Refractory

17
Q

What is the initial stage of the body compensating for blood loss

A

Cardiac output is decreased, and tissue perfusion is threatened

18
Q

What is the compensatory stage of the body compensating for blood loss

A

The body’s homeostatic mechanisms attempt to maintain CO, blood pressure and tissue perfusion

19
Q

What is the progressive stage of the body compensating for blood loss

A

The compensatory mechanism begin failing to meet tissue needs and the shock cycle is perpetuated

20
Q

What is the refractory stage of the body compensating for blood loss

A

Shock becomes unresponsive to therapy and is considered irreversible

21
Q

What are the indications of severity for blood loss

A

Pulse - Initially up but eventually goes down
Resps- Initially up but eventually goes down
Pupils - Dilate as hypoxia develops
Skin - Pale, grey, cyanosis
BP- Drop in BP
GCS - Confusion, lowered GCS

22
Q

How many stages of shock are there

A

4

23
Q

indications of Stage one of shock (Up to 15% blood loss)

A

Normal resps
Pallor of skin
Normal capillary refil
Pulse rate above 100
No change in BP

24
Q

indications of Stage 2 of shock (15-30% blood loss)

A

Pallor, cool, clammy skin
Extended time for Cap refill
Pulse rate above 100
Increased resps (15-30)
Normal systolic but elevated diastolic
Narrowing pulse pressure

25
Q

indications of stage 3 of shock (30% to 40% blood volume loss)

A

Anxiety, restlessness and agitation
Pulse rate in excess of 120bpm
Resp rate - 30-40
Systolic BP <100mmHg or less

26
Q

indications of the 4th stage of shock (over 40% blood loss)

A

Moribound appearance
Central cyanosis
Altered level of consciousness
Tachycardia/weak pulse
Resp distress 40 resp rate
Systolic BP of 70mmHg or less

ACCP (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions