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accp > Abdomen Assessment > Flashcards

Abdomen Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs in the Upper Right Quadrant of the Abdomen

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pylorus
Duodenum
Pancreas:Head
Right adrenal gland
Right Kidney: Upper pole
Hepatic fresher
Ascending colon:portion
Transverse colon:portion

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2
Q

What organs are in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

A

Liver, left lobe
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas: Body
Left adrenal gland
Left kidney : upper pole
Splenic flexure
Transverse colon: portion
Descending colon: portion

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3
Q

What organs are in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

A

Right kidney:lower pile
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon:portion
Right ovary
Right fallopian tube
Right ureter
Right spermatic chord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)

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4
Q

What organs are in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen

A

Left kidney:lower pole
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon: portion
Left ovary
Left fallopian tube
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)

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5
Q

What are the 6 causes of abdo pain(IPOIIE)

A

Inflammation
Perforation
Obstruction
Infarction
Intraabdominal haemorrhage
Extra abdominal or medical causes

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6
Q

common Manoeuvres to relieve abdo pain

A

Belching - stomach

Eating - stomach, duodenum

Vomitting - stomach, duodenum

Leaning forward- retroperitoneal structures

Flexion of knees - peritoneum

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7
Q

What are the 5 common upper GI symptoms

A

Jaundice
Mouth ulcers
Vomitting
Reflux
Difficulty swallowing or pain swallowing

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8
Q

What are the common lower GI symptoms

A

Distension - 6F’s
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Steatorrhea
Melaena
Passing frank blood

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9
Q

What are the 6F’s of abdominal distension

A

Fat
Fluid
Flats
Faeces
Foetus
Fulminant mass

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10
Q

What are some history questions that need to be asked in an Abdo assessment

A
  1. Any urinary symptoms (pain, colour,smell,frequency)
  2. Any appetite changes
    3.Vomiting, frequency, appearance
    4.Diarrhoea/constipation, changes
    5.General demeanour, fever,energy
    6.Sexual history, periods, pregnancy
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11
Q

Viral gastroenteritis

What is it?
What are the symptoms?
Associated symptoms?
Cause?
Treatment?

A
  1. Acute inflammation of stomach lining caused by virus
    2.Vomitting, diarrhoea, nausea
    3.Fever, abdo pain, anorexia
    4.Norovirus
    5.Self healing in 14days, rehydration, IV fluids if severe
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12
Q

Appendicitis

Onset:
Provokes:
Quality:
Radiation:
Severity:
Timing:
Associated symptoms:

A

1.Sudden
2.Usually worse on movement
3.Often periumbilical, moves to right lower quadrant
4.Severe abdo pain
5.Over hours or days
6.Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, diarrhoea

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13
Q

Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Onset:
Provokes:
Quality:
Radiation:
Severity:
Timing:
Associated symptoms:

A
  1. Sudden if rupture
  2. Patient unaffected by position
  3. Constant
  4. Radiates to back, groin or legs
  5. Severe abdo pain
  6. Over hours
  7. Collapse, discolouration, hx of aneurysm, tachycardia, hypotension
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14
Q

What acronym do we use for abdo assessment

A

IPPA
Inspect
Percuss
Palpate
Auscultation

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15
Q

What should we be looking for in the inspection part of IPPA for an abdo assessment

A

Scars
Distension
Bruising
Rash
Pallor
Cachexia
Patient position

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16
Q

What is the Rovsing sign appendicitis test that we can do

A

Rovsing sign

Palpation of left iliac fossa(LLQ) causes pain in right iliac fossa (RLQ)

17
Q

What is the Psoas sign appendicitis test that we can do

A

Psoas sign
.RLQ pain with extension of the right hip or with flexion of the right hip against resistance

18
Q

What is the obturator sign appendicitis test that we can do

A

RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of the flex red hip (with flexed right knee)

19
Q

What test can we do to identify cholecystitis

A

Murphys sign

20
Q

what is murphys sign and how do we carry it out

A

test for cholecystitis

.place hand below right costal margin along the mid clavicular line
.ask patient to take a deep breath in
.if positive patient will experience pain at peak inspiration
.pain due to coming into contact with inflamed gallbladder

21
Q

Treatment for abdo

A

ABCDE assessment
Pain relief - no entonox if suspected bowl obstruction
Fluids if suspected hypovolemia
Anti-emetics
Tranexamic acid
Surgery?

accp (14 decks)

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