Abdomen Assessment Flashcards
What are the organs in the Upper Right Quadrant of the Abdomen
Liver
Gallbladder
Pylorus
Duodenum
Pancreas:Head
Right adrenal gland
Right Kidney: Upper pole
Hepatic fresher
Ascending colon:portion
Transverse colon:portion
What organs are in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
Liver, left lobe
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas: Body
Left adrenal gland
Left kidney : upper pole
Splenic flexure
Transverse colon: portion
Descending colon: portion
What organs are in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
Right kidney:lower pile
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon:portion
Right ovary
Right fallopian tube
Right ureter
Right spermatic chord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)
What organs are in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen
Left kidney:lower pole
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon: portion
Left ovary
Left fallopian tube
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if enlarged)
What are the 6 causes of abdo pain(IPOIIE)
Inflammation
Perforation
Obstruction
Infarction
Intraabdominal haemorrhage
Extra abdominal or medical causes
common Manoeuvres to relieve abdo pain
Belching - stomach
Eating - stomach, duodenum
Vomitting - stomach, duodenum
Leaning forward- retroperitoneal structures
Flexion of knees - peritoneum
What are the 5 common upper GI symptoms
Jaundice
Mouth ulcers
Vomitting
Reflux
Difficulty swallowing or pain swallowing
What are the common lower GI symptoms
Distension - 6F’s
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Steatorrhea
Melaena
Passing frank blood
What are the 6F’s of abdominal distension
Fat
Fluid
Flats
Faeces
Foetus
Fulminant mass
What are some history questions that need to be asked in an Abdo assessment
- Any urinary symptoms (pain, colour,smell,frequency)
- Any appetite changes
3.Vomiting, frequency, appearance
4.Diarrhoea/constipation, changes
5.General demeanour, fever,energy
6.Sexual history, periods, pregnancy
Viral gastroenteritis
What is it?
What are the symptoms?
Associated symptoms?
Cause?
Treatment?
- Acute inflammation of stomach lining caused by virus
2.Vomitting, diarrhoea, nausea
3.Fever, abdo pain, anorexia
4.Norovirus
5.Self healing in 14days, rehydration, IV fluids if severe
Appendicitis
Onset:
Provokes:
Quality:
Radiation:
Severity:
Timing:
Associated symptoms:
1.Sudden
2.Usually worse on movement
3.Often periumbilical, moves to right lower quadrant
4.Severe abdo pain
5.Over hours or days
6.Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, diarrhoea
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Onset:
Provokes:
Quality:
Radiation:
Severity:
Timing:
Associated symptoms:
- Sudden if rupture
- Patient unaffected by position
- Constant
- Radiates to back, groin or legs
- Severe abdo pain
- Over hours
- Collapse, discolouration, hx of aneurysm, tachycardia, hypotension
What acronym do we use for abdo assessment
IPPA
Inspect
Percuss
Palpate
Auscultation
What should we be looking for in the inspection part of IPPA for an abdo assessment
Scars
Distension
Bruising
Rash
Pallor
Cachexia
Patient position