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MCAT Psychology > Concept 8A > Flashcards

Concept 8A Flashcards

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1
Q

Self-concept

A

internal list of answers to the question “Who am I?”

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2
Q

Self-schema

A

self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

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3
Q

Identity

A

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

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4
Q

Types of Identity

A
  1. Gender identity
  2. Ethnic identity
  3. Social class
  4. Sexual identity
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5
Q

Hierarchy of Salience

A

what our identities are organized according to

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6
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

each of us has 3 selves

1. Actual self
2. Ideal self
3. Ought self
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7
Q

Self-esteem

A

closer these 3 selves in self-discrepancy theory, higher our self-esteem

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8
Q

Self-efficacy

A

our belief in our ability to succeed

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9
Q

Locus of control

A

way we characterize influences in our lives

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10
Q

Development of self-concept

A
  1. Existential self: sense of being separate and distinct from others
  2. Categorical self: even though we’re separate/distinct objects/beings, we also exist in the world with others
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11
Q

Carl Rogers’ Self-Concept

A
  1. Self-image: what we believe we are
  2. Self-esteem/self-worth
  3. Ideal-self
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12
Q

social identity theory

A
  1. Personal identity

2. Social identity

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13
Q

4 sources to determine if person has strong/weak sense of self-efficacy

A
  1. Mastery of experience
  2. Social modelling
  3. Social persuasion
  4. Psychological response
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14
Q

Theories of Identity Development

A
  1. Psychosexual theory of development
  2. Psychosocial development theory
  3. Sociocultural Cognitive development theory
  4. Moral development theory
  5. Gender
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15
Q

Gender identity development

A
  1. As toddlers and preschoolers, learn about defined characteristics, which are socialized aspects of gender 2. Age 5-7 gender identity becomes rigid, (consolidation)
  2. after this “peak of rigidity,” fluidity returns and socially defined gender roles relax.
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16
Q

Gender schemata theory

A

Gender-associated information is predominantly transmitted through society by way of schemata.

  1. Sex-typed
  2. Cross sex-typed
  3. Androgynous
  4. Undifferentiated
17
Q

Psychosexual theory of development

A

Freud.
Libido drives development, fixation may occur
1. Oral stage (0-1 yr)
2. Anal stage (1-3 yr)
3. Phallic stage (3-5 year): oepidal and electra conflict
4. Latency (5-puberty)
5. Genital stage (puberty - adulthood)

18
Q

Psychosocial Development

A

Eric Erikson.
1. Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
5. Identity vs. Role confusion (12-20 years)
(5.1) Physiological revolution occurs. Fidelity is the positive outcome.
6. Intimacy vs. isolation (20-40 years)
7. Generativity vs. stagnation (40-65years)
Integrity vs. Despair (>65 years)

19
Q

Moral development theory

A
  1. Preconventional morality
    (1. 1) Obedience: avoiding punishment
    (1. 2) Self-interest: gaining rewards (instrumental relativist stage)
  2. Conventional morality: individuals begin to see themselves in terms of relationships to others
    (2. 1) Conformity: seek approval of others
    (2. 2) Law and order: maintains social order in highest regard
  3. Postconventional morality: level of reasoning that not everyone is capable of
    (3. 1) Social contract: conventions designed to ensure the greater good
    (3. 2) Universal human ethics: decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles
20
Q

Sociocultural Development

A

Vygosky.

  1. Babies have 4 elementary mental functions: attention, sensation, perception, and memory
  2. Need more knowledgeable other for zone of proximal development (not fully developed skills)
  3. Language is important
21
Q

Looking-glass self

A 
Cooley. person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions & perception of others. 
3 steps:
1. How do I appear to others?
2. What must others think of me?
3. Revise how we think of ourselves
22
Q

Imitation

A

A type of individual social influence, one of most basic forms of social behavior. Begins with understanding there’s difference between others and our self.

23
Q

Role-taking

A

Practice for later in life, understand others’ point of view

24
Q

Reference groups

A

The group to which people refer in evaluating themselves

25
Q

I and the Me

A

“Me” = social self, “I” = response to the ‘me’, what we learn through interactions with others.
Stages:
1. Preparatory stage (imitation)
2. Play stage (role-taking)
3. Game stage (generalized other, significant other important)

MCAT Psychology (8 decks)

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