Concept 6C Flashcards
Emotion
Natural instinctive state of mind derived from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others
Three components of emotion
- Physiological Response: arousal stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
- Behavioral Response: facial expressions & body language
- Cognitive Response: subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced
Universal emotions
Ekman.
1) Happiness
2) Sadness
3) Fear
4) Contempt
5) Disgust
6) Surprise
7) Anger
Adaptive role of emotion
Emotion ensures
(1) the physical survival of the individual
(2) the physical survival of the group to which the individual belongs
(3) the social “survival” of an individual within the hierarchical infrastructure of his/her social group.
Theories of Emotion
1) James-Lange theory
2) Cannon-Bard theory
3) Schachter–Singer theory
4) Lazarus theory
James-Lange theory
Stimulus ⟶physiological response ⟶ secondary response with emotion
Cannon-Bard theory
Stimulus ⟶ simultaneous physiological arousal & feeling an emotion
Schachter–Singer theory
Stimulus ⟶ physiological arousal & cognitive appraisal⟶ emotion
Lazarus theory
Stimulus ⟶ thought ⟶ physiological arousal & emotion
Brain regions involved in the generation and experience of emotions
1) Left hemisphere: positive emotions, sociable
2) Right hemisphere: negative emotions, isolated
3) Limbic system
4) Prefrontal cortex: modulate behavior that might result from extreme emotion, ventral prefrontal cortex experiences emotion
5) Temporal lobe: interpret facial expressions
The role of the limbic system in emotion
Hippo wearing HAT
- Hypothalamus: regulate ANS (fight/flight or rest/digest)
- Amygdala: fear/anxiety, implicit emotion
- Thalamus: sensory relay station, senses important in emotion
- Hippocampus: forming long-term memories can affect emotion, explicit emotion (episodic memory)
Emotion and the autonomic nervous system
ANS - divided into sympathetic & parasympathetic. Associated with emotional response.
Physiological markers of emotion (signatures of emotion)
Facial expressions, visceral motor activity controlled by ANS
Cognitive Appraisal of Stress
Subjective evaluation of a situation that induces stress
1) Primary appraisal: initial evaluation of the environment and the associated threat
2) Secondary appraisal: directed at evaluating whether the organism can cope with the stress
Types of stressors
1) Catastrophes
2) Significant life changes - social readjustment rating scale
3) Daily hassles
4) Conflicts (approach-approach conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict, approach-avoidance conflict)
(Distress and eustress)
approach-approach conflict
2 good choices
avoidance-avoidance conflict
2 negative choices
approach-avoidance conflict
only one choice, goal, or event, but outcome could have positive & negative elements
Physiological Response to Stressor
General adaptation syndrome:
1) Alarm: Sympathetic nervous system activation + ACTH release + norepinephrine release
2) Resistance: continued release of hormones
3) Exhaustion
Behavioral response to stressor
anxiety, irritability, avoidance or responsibilities and relationships, self-destructive behavior, and poor judgment.
Emotional response to stressor
Chronic stress related to depression, PTSD, lack of motivation
Managing stress
- Counseling, establishing social network
- yoga, meditation
- Exercise
- Relaxation
- Biofeedback: measure someone’s autonomic activity, feedback in form of visual or auditory
- Spirituality & faith
Transaction model
person must perceive an event as a stressor and doubt their inability to cope with that event in order to experience stress
