Concept 6C

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Natural instinctive state of mind derived from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others

Question 2

Three components of emotion

Answer 2

1. Physiological Response: arousal stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
2. Behavioral Response: facial expressions & body language
3. Cognitive Response: subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced

Question 3

Universal emotions

Answer 3

Ekman.

1) Happiness
2) Sadness
3) Fear
4) Contempt
5) Disgust
6) Surprise
7) Anger

Question 4

Adaptive role of emotion

Answer 4

Emotion ensures

(1) the physical survival of the individual
(2) the physical survival of the group to which the individual belongs
(3) the social “survival” of an individual within the hierarchical infrastructure of his/her social group.

Question 5

Theories of Emotion

Answer 5

1) James-Lange theory
2) Cannon-Bard theory
3) Schachter–Singer theory
4) Lazarus theory

Question 6

James-Lange theory

Answer 6

Stimulus ⟶physiological response ⟶ secondary response with emotion

Question 7

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 7

Stimulus ⟶ simultaneous physiological arousal & feeling an emotion

Question 8

Schachter–Singer theory

Answer 8

Stimulus ⟶ physiological arousal & cognitive appraisal⟶ emotion

Question 9

Lazarus theory

Answer 9

Stimulus ⟶ thought ⟶ physiological arousal & emotion

Question 10

Brain regions involved in the generation and experience of emotions

Answer 10

1) Left hemisphere: positive emotions, sociable
2) Right hemisphere: negative emotions, isolated
3) Limbic system
4) Prefrontal cortex: modulate behavior that might result from extreme emotion, ventral prefrontal cortex experiences emotion
5) Temporal lobe: interpret facial expressions

Question 11

The role of the limbic system in emotion

Answer 11

Hippo wearing HAT

• Hypothalamus: regulate ANS (fight/flight or rest/digest)
• Amygdala: fear/anxiety, implicit emotion
• Thalamus: sensory relay station, senses important in emotion
• Hippocampus: forming long-term memories can affect emotion, explicit emotion (episodic memory)

Question 12

Emotion and the autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

ANS - divided into sympathetic & parasympathetic. Associated with emotional response.

Question 13

Physiological markers of emotion (signatures of emotion)

Answer 13

Facial expressions, visceral motor activity controlled by ANS

Question 14

Cognitive Appraisal of Stress

Answer 14

Subjective evaluation of a situation that induces stress

1) Primary appraisal: initial evaluation of the environment and the associated threat
2) Secondary appraisal: directed at evaluating whether the organism can cope with the stress

Question 15

Types of stressors

Answer 15

1) Catastrophes
2) Significant life changes - social readjustment rating scale
3) Daily hassles
4) Conflicts (approach-approach conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict, approach-avoidance conflict)
(Distress and eustress)

Question 16

approach-approach conflict

Answer 16

2 good choices

Question 17

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 17

2 negative choices

Question 18

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 18

only one choice, goal, or event, but outcome could have positive & negative elements

Question 19

Physiological Response to Stressor

Answer 19

General adaptation syndrome:

1) Alarm: Sympathetic nervous system activation + ACTH release + norepinephrine release
2) Resistance: continued release of hormones
3) Exhaustion

Question 20

Behavioral response to stressor

Answer 20

anxiety, irritability, avoidance or responsibilities and relationships, self-destructive behavior, and poor judgment.

Question 21

Emotional response to stressor

Answer 21

Chronic stress related to depression, PTSD, lack of motivation

Question 22

Managing stress

Answer 22

• Counseling, establishing social network
• yoga, meditation
• Exercise
• Relaxation
• Biofeedback: measure someone’s autonomic activity, feedback in form of visual or auditory
• Spirituality & faith

Question 23

Transaction model

Answer 23

person must perceive an event as a stressor and doubt their inability to cope with that event in order to experience stress