Comtrol Infection Flashcards
Disease causing microbes
Pathogens
Disease caused by pathogens
Infection
Chain of infection
Pathogen Reservoir Portal of exit Method of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Pathogen
Microbe capable of causing a disease
Reservoir
Storehouse for microbes to grow and multiply
Reservoirs for microbes
Bodies of people and animals
Bodies of water
Food
Portal of exit
Microbes exit vary depending on the pathogen and reservoir.
If human or animal the portal can be
The respiratory tract
The genitourinary tract
Breaks the skin
Transmission of pathogen
Direct: pathogen passed thru close physical contact. I.e. touching kissing sex
Or
Breathing infected air
Indirect: pathogens passes by way on contamination I.e. Touching surface or object
Portal of entry
Way of gaining entry to new reservoir.
Potential portals are: respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, eyes and breaks in the skin
Susceptible host
Person capable of becoming infected with a particular pathogen
Persons susceptibility to infection:
Age very young or very old
Poor general health
Presence of medical devices placed in body ie
Urinary catheters.
Health care-associated infection
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infection
health care-associated infections
Nosocomial infection. Super bugs
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Clostridium difficile or C-diff
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staph infection caused by direct contact
Serious infections of blood, lungs, heart or bone
C-diff
Clostridium difficile
Microbe passes from body feces
Both indirect and direct contact ie. Surfaces or hands
Causes diarrhea and abdominal pain
Spores live for a long time
Must wash hands with soap and water; alcohol
Doesn’t kill spores.
Surface clean with bleach
VEE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
Microbe infects wounds in the
Intestinal tract and the urinary track
Signs of infections
High temperature Red or draining eyes Stuffy nose Coughing Headache Sore throat Flushed face Loss of appetite Nausea Stomach pain Diarrhea Vomiting Cloudy or smelly urine Joint pain Muscle ache Skin rash Sores Redness around wounds or incision Drainage from wound or incision Swelling
Older signs and symptoms of infection
New onset of confusion or increased confusion from the norm
Changes in eating or appetite
New onset of loss of bladder or bowel control
More frequent episodes of incontinence
Loss of ability to complete tasks normally able to do
Fatigue or lethargy
Flu-like symptoms
Methods of infection control
Washing hands
Decontaminating surfaces and objects
PPE
Isolation precautions
Most important of infection control
Washing hands
Microbes
Microorganism
Isolation Precautions
Standard precautions
Transmission-based precautions
Standard precautions
Wear disposable gloves Wash your hands Wear PPE Handle sharp items with care Clean up blood or body fluid promptly Handle contaminated articles carefully Practice respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Transmission-based precautions
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
Blood borne pathogens
HIV
Hepititis
Hepititis
Inflammation of the liver
Blood-borne pathogen
TYPE B. (HBV). D (HDV) vaccine
No vaccine for C (HCV)
Liver failure
Liver cancer
Blood-borne Pathogen Standards by OSHA
Exposure control plan Proper Training Proper Equipment HBV vaccination Work practice controls Engineering controls
Order for collecting bed making supplies
Pillow case Blanket Flat top sheet Draw sheet Fitted or bottom sheet
When asking patient to ambulated to chair to change sheets
Must have patient sit on bed for 1 min. To check for dizziness
Remember to use body mechanics!
Washing hands
Friction of washing must be 20 seconds
Avoid doing what when making bed
Avoid flicking, shaking , movement because of air particles
