Computer Fundamentals and information Processing

Question 1

Differentiate between Data and Information

Answer 1

Datum is raw meaningless facts that need to be processed.

Information is processed data.

Question 2

What is a computer?

Answer 2

A programmable electronic device which accepts an input (data), processes the input to produce an output (information), which is then stored.

Question 3

Types of Software

Answer 3

Application and System

Question 4

What does C.P.U. stand for ?

Answer 4

Central Processing Unit

Question 5

What does a computer system consist of ?

Answer 5

Hardware
Software
End user

Question 6

Functions of a computer

Answer 6

Input: datum is entered through an input device.

Processing : datum is processed into info using the processing unit, which is C.P.U. and main memory.

Storage: Information can be kept for an indefinite period of time by a storage device.

Output: Information is given to the user through an output device.

Question 7

Information Technology?

Answer 7

Study or use of systems ( computer or telecoms) for storing,retrieving and sending information.

Question 8

Types of computer systems:

Answer 8

A. Mobile Device
B. Embedded Systems
C. Mainframe
D. Super Computer
E. Desktop Systems

Question 9

1. Supercomputers:

Answer 9

1. Fastest computers
2. Do scientific calculations and engineering
3. Do research such as launching rockets
4. Nuclear bombs and energy sources
5. Weather monitor and predictions
   Example: Cray

Question 10

2. Mainframe:

Answer 10

A. Very large capacity with several C.P.U.’s which can support many users simultaneously.

B. Second fastest and largest.

C. Use for bulk data processing and large storage.

D. Multinational companies use these for transactions etc.
Banks, telephone companies, I.B. M.

Question 11

3. Desktop Systems

Answer 11

A. Simply called a computer or personal computer and fits on an office desk, is easily maintained and upgraded.

B. It’s tasks are for a single user.

C. Memory sizes are increasing but uncommon to find RAM sizes of 8GB - 32GB and H.D. sizes of 1. TB.

D. Most contain multiple processors, working at speeds of 3Ghz.

E. Mainly for office work, schoolwork, internet access and data communication or entertainment.

F. They can be linked in network with more powerful computers.

Question 12

4. Mobile Devices

Answer 12

A. Also called handheld devices include: laptops, tablets and smart phones.

B. Similar to PCs but smaller, lighter and contain batteries so they don’t have to be plugged in.

Question 13

5. Embedded Systems

Answer 13

A. Dedicated computer system that is designed for one or two specific functions.

B. Embedded as part of hardware device, consume little processing power and may or may not be able to connect to the internet.

C. Increase reliability and performance of the device. Eg. Digital watches, printers and ATMs.

D. Some have no UI while others may use simple menu systems or touch screens.

Eg. Controllers in microwaves
Car- ignition systems
Answering machines.

Question 14

What is are Input and Output devices?

Answer 14

A. Input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions (programs, commands and user réponses) into a computer.

B. Output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.

Question 15

What is a C. P.U. ?

Answer 15

A. Central processing unit chip that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.

B. On a personal computer, all functions of the processor are usually on a single chip.

C. Components: C.U., A.L.U. and Registers.