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Compounding (Complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is compounding?

A

To mix or combine two or more ingredients

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2
Q

What is are extemporaneous compounds?

A

Compounds that are needed on demand

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3
Q

What are bulk compounds?

A

Compounds that are prepared in large quantities in advance for future use.

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4
Q

What standards must be followed for non-sterile compounding?

A

USP 795

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5
Q

What standards must be followed for sterile compounding?

A

USP 797

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6
Q

What does QA stand for?

A

Quality Assurance

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7
Q

What is Quality Assurance?

A

A program of activities used to ensure that the procedures used in the preparation of compounded products lead to products that meet certain standards.

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8
Q

What does QC stand for?

A

Quality Control

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9
Q

What is Quality Control?

A

A set of testing activities used to determine the quality of compounded products.

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10
Q

What are the three main vehicles used in solutions?

A

Aqueous, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic

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11
Q

What is a syrup?

A

A sugar based solution that has medication dissolved in them, which helps improve the taste of the drug.

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12
Q

What are elixirs?

A

They contain dissolved medication in a hydro-alcoholic base that has been sweetened.

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13
Q

What auxiliary label must suspensions always have?

A

Shake well

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14
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A liquid that has very small, solid particles suspended in the vehicle.

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15
Q

What are the non-soluble particles in a suspension referred to as?

A

suspensoids

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16
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

A mixture of water and oil that should be binded together with an emulsifier.

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17
Q

What is used to bind the water and oil of an emulsion together?

A

Emulsifier - agent that binds oil and water, and holds them together.

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18
Q

What are the two types of emulsions?

A 
w/o = Water in a oil base 
o/w = Oil in a water base
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19
Q

What are the two kinds of enemas?

A

Retention enema

Evacuation enema

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20
Q

What is the larger half of a capsule called? The smaller half?

A

The larger is the body, and the smaller is the cap

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21
Q

How are capsules sized?

A

000 are the largest, and those numbered 5 are the smallest

000 - 00 - 0 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

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22
Q

What is a spasule?

A

A capsule that can be pulled apart to sprinkle that contents into food for children

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23
Q

What does API stand for?

A

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

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24
Q

What are multiple compression tablets?

A

They are either tablets on top of tablets or tablets within tablets

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25
Q

What is content uniformity?

A

To have the same amounts of ingredients in each tablet

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26
Q

What are enteric coated tablets?

A

Helps protect the drug through the acidic environment of the stomach until it reaches the intestine

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27
Q

What does EC stand for in terms of tablet coating?

A

Enteric Coated

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28
Q

Why are tablets sugar coated?

A

Improve the taste and flavor, and cover unpleasant odors

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29
Q

What are the main advantages of using tablets?

A

Cheap, convenient, no measuring, and safe.

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30
Q

What are buccal lozenges?

A

To be put in between the cheek pouch and the gums and let dissolve

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31
Q

What are medicated sticks used for?

A

Topical application of topical anesthetics, sunscreen, antivirals and antibiotics

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32
Q

What are the three types of medicated sticks?

A

Hard sticks
Soft opaque sticks
soft clear sticks

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33
Q

What are the three main functions of semi solid dosage forms?

A

Protect an injured area
Hydrate skin
Treat or medicate locally or systemically

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34
Q

What is the main use of pastes?

A

A protective barrier

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35
Q

Whats the difference between pastes and ointments?

A

Pastes are more solid and stiff

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36
Q

What is a positive about creams?

A

No heavy, oily residue

37
Q

Whats the difference between lotions and creams?

A

Lotions are thinner than creams because the base has more water

38
Q

What are liniments?

A

Extracts of a plant added to alcohol or vinegar and applied topically - usually for muscle aches and pains

39
Q

What is a collodion?

A

Clear, highly flammable, syrupy liquid compounded of pyroxylin, ether, and alcohol which dries to a film to close small wounds

40
Q

Explain how to take a reading from a graduated cylinder?

A

Eye level - take the reading from the bottom of the meniscus

41
Q

State examples of a solution classified by a vehicle

A

-Alcohol based
Syrups
Aromatic waters
Elixirs (sugar, water, alcohol)

42
Q

What auxiliary label is always attached to suspensions?

A

Shake well before use

43
Q

Give an example of a suspension - include both names, indication, and classification

A

Amoxil - amoxicillin - Bacterial Infections - Penicillin Antibiotic

44
Q

What is a emulsifier?

A

Used in emulsions

Used to mix 2 things that do not mix.

45
Q

What are some commonly used emulsifiers?

A

gelatin
acacia
alcohol
aluminum hydroxide

46
Q

What is a mortar? What is a pestle?

A

A mortar is the cup shaped object used to hold the object, and the pestle is the stick used to grind and crush

47
Q

What can mortar and pestles be made out of? What is most common and why?

A

Glass, wedgwood, porcelain. Glass is most common because it does not stain because it wont absorb

48
Q

What is the definition of a retention enema and an evacuation enema?

A 
Evacuation = Meant to get what is there, out. ASAP
Retention = Remain in the rectum longer to lubricate
49
Q

What are some qualities of a well made suspension?

A 
Drug stability 
Settle slowly 
Re-dispersed by shaking 
Easy to pour and swallow 
Mask unpleasant taste
50
Q

Other than an ointment slab, what can you use to prepare a compound?

A

A glass mortar and pestle

51
Q

State an example of a solution classified by its contents

A

Elixir - alcohol, sugar and water.

52
Q

What are suspancoids?

A

Particles in a suspension, suspended in a vehicle, dont dissolve.

53
Q

What does immiscible? What does this term mainly apply to and why

A

Unmixable

Emulsions, because its mixing water and oil

54
Q

What are the two kinds of balances, and describe the difference

A 
Torsion = Weighs small amounts 
Counter = weighs up to 5kg, your regular electronic counter weigh scale.
55
Q

How can you measure more viscous liquids?

A

Pour directly into the middle of the graduated cylinder, or use a syringe.

56
Q

What are aromatic waters?

A

Clear, saturated aqueous solutions of oil usually

57
Q

What happens to suspensions once you add water? In regards to its expiration dates.

A

Shortens the time till it expires. Usually shortens to 14 days.

58
Q

What are the three different types of spatulas?

A

Plastic - scoop, commonly for creams
Rubber - scrape / cleaning
Stainless steel - for powder and compounding

59
Q

What is a solute? What is a solvent?

A

Solute - the active ingredient

Solvent - liquid vehicle that dissolves the solute

60
Q

Why is sugar added to a solution?

A

Change taste
Mask bitterness or bad smell
Easier for children to consume
Thickens it up

61
Q

What happens if you touch scales with your bare hands?

A

Residue from your hands becomes stuck to the scale and changes the weight

62
Q

What is glassine paper?

A

Resistant to grease

63
Q

What is titration?

A

The process of reducing solids into fine particles by grinding or rubbing them in with a mortar and pestle

64
Q

What are some advantages of liquid oral dosage forms?

A

For people that cant swallow pills
Older people and children
Different tastes
Easy to adjust dosage

65
Q

What are some disadvantages to liquid oral dosage forms?

A

Storage, Has to be kept in fridge, not portable, more expensive than tablets.

66
Q

What are some advantages to solid oral dosage forms?

A

Cheap, easy to make and carry, longer expiry dates.

67
Q

What are some disadvantages of solid oral dosage forms?

A

Can be hard to swallow, cant adjust the dosage as easily.

68
Q

What is the main difference between suspensions and emulsions?

A

There is no oil in suspensions

69
Q

What are the differences between syrups and elixirs?

A

Elixirs have alcohol, syrups are more sugar based so they are thicker

70
Q

What are the two parts of the capsule called?

A

The cap and the body

71
Q

What sizes do capsules come in?

A

000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Largest to smallest)

72
Q

What is the difference between a tablet and a pill?

A

Tablets are compressed powder, a pill is made from puddy

73
Q

What does EC stand for in terms of solid dosage? What does it mean?

A

Enteric Coated - PProtects tablet from stomach acid

74
Q

What does FCT stand for in terms of solid dosage? What does it mean?

A

Film Coated Tablet - masks the taste and makes it go down smoother if it is not powdery

75
Q

What does LA stand for in terms of solid dosage?

A

Long Acting

76
Q

What does XL stand for in terms of solid dosage?

A

Extra Long

77
Q

What does SR mean in terms of solid dosage?

A

Sustained Release

78
Q

What does CD mean in terms of solid dosage?

A

Controlled diffusion

79
Q

What does spansule mean in terms of solid dosage?

A

Little beads of medication within a capsule - can be opened and beads can be sprinkled in food / applesauce.

80
Q

What does MCT mean in terms of solid dosage?

A

Multiple Compression Tablet - combines incompatible substances. Tablet on tablet or tablet IN tablet.

81
Q

What is an example of a MCT?

82
Q

What does eutectic mean? Give an example.

A

When two solids are mixed together and it makes a liquid.

Camphor and Menthol

83
Q

Describe cream

A

water based, hydrophilic, not oily

84
Q

Describe lotion

A

Water based, thinner than cream

85
Q

Describe iontment

A

Oil based, hydrophobic

86
Q

Describe paste

A

Liquid and powder mixed, thick and dry. Used as a protective barrier

87
Q

What is collodion?

A

A liquid bandaid, flammable when wet

88
Q

What are the three coatings used for tablets?

A

Film coating
Sugar coating
Enteric coating

FINAL FINAL (10 decks)

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