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FINAL FINAL > Aseptic/Microbiology (Complete) > Flashcards

Aseptic/Microbiology (Complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A 
E= nucleus, no cell wall 
P= no nucleus, have a cell wall
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2
Q

How do bacteria divide?

A

By binary fission

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3
Q

Are bacteria Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Can a virus be killed by antibiotics?

A

NO

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5
Q

What is the smallest microorganism?

A

Viruses

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6
Q

Where do viruses live?

A

In a living host

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7
Q

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

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8
Q

What is the common shape of fungi?

A

thread like strands called hyphae

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9
Q

Microorganisms cause disease by what two basic mechanisms?

A

Invasion of tissue
or
Production of toxins

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10
Q

What is a bodies first line of defense?

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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11
Q

What is the bodies second line of defense?

A

Phagocytic cells

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12
Q

What happens in the “Gram stain” procedure?

A

Heat-killed bacteria are exposed to the purple dye crystal violet and iodine

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13
Q

What does it mean if there is a negative gram stain?

A

No organism seen. - No bacterial infection

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14
Q

What colour are bacteria in a positive gram-positive stain test?

A

Purple

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15
Q

What colour are bacteria in a positive gram-negative stain test?

A

Pink

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16
Q

What shape is cocci?

A

Round

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17
Q

What shape is bacilli?

A

Rod shaped

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18
Q

Antimicrobials can be classified by which three different schemes?

A

Effects on cells
Range of activity
Sites of activity

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19
Q

What two classifications can antimicrobials be divided into based on their effects on targeted cells?

A

Bactericidal

Bacteriostatic

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20
Q

What are bactericidal drugs?

A

They will only kill cells that are actively growing

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21
Q

What are bacteriostatic drugs?

A

They inhibit the growth of cells

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22
Q

Is staphylococcus aerobic or anerobic?

A

Aerobic

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23
Q

What shape is staphyloccus?

A

Cocci

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24
Q

Is staphylococcus gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive

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25
Q

What does staphylococcus cause on the body?

A

Boils and absesses

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26
Q

How do staphylococcus get into the body?

A

Through cuts

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27
Q

What was the first effective antibiotic against staphylococcus?

A

Penicillin

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28
Q

Is penicillin used today for staphylococcus infections?

A

No, because of bacterial resistance. Now we use stronger antibiotics like vancomycin

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29
Q

Is streptoccus aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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30
Q

Is streptococcus gram positive or gram negaitve?

A

Gram positive

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31
Q

What shape is streptococcus?

A

Cocci

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32
Q

What does streptococcus cause?

A

Pneumonia, scarlet fever.

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33
Q

What antibiotics are commonly used to treat streptococcus infections?

A

penicillin
erythromycin
clindamycin

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34
Q

is bacillus aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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35
Q

Is bacillus gram positive or gram negaitve?

A

Gram positive

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36
Q

What shape is bacillus?

A

Rod shaped

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37
Q

What does bacillus cause?

A

Anthrax, TB, food poisoning

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38
Q

Is E.Coli gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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39
Q

What shape is E.Coli?

A

Rod shaped

40
Q

Are E.Coli aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

41
Q

What does E.Coli cause in the body?

A

Food poisoning, UTIs, some pneumonia

42
Q

Are pseudomonas aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

43
Q

Are pseudomonas gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

44
Q

What shape are pseudomonas?

A

Rod shaped

45
Q

What does pseudomonas cause in the body?

A

Antibiotic resistant pneumonia

46
Q

Are brucella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

47
Q

What shape are brucella?

A

Cocci

48
Q

Are neisseria aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

49
Q

Are neisseria gram negative or gram positive?

A

Gram negative

50
Q

What shape are neisseria?

A

Cocci

51
Q

What does neisseria cause in the body?

A

Gonorrhea, menigitis

52
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat neisseria?

A

Cephalosporins
Quinolones
Penicillins

53
Q

What does HSV-1 mean?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1

54
Q

What does HSV-2 mean?

A

Herpes simplex virus 2

55
Q

What is HSV-1 commonly associated with?

A

Outbreaks of the face, including cold sores.

56
Q

What is HSV-2 commonly associated with?

A

Genital herpes

57
Q

What happens when a person has hepatitis?

A

Injury to the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue

58
Q

What causes hepatitis?

A

Viruses, alcohol, toxins, acetaminophen

59
Q

How many different strains of the hepatitis virus are there?

A

8 different strains

60
Q

What is Mycology?

A

The scientific study of fungi

61
Q

What is coccidioidomycosis also known as?

A

Valley fever

62
Q

Where are aspergillus found?

A

in starchy foods, and grow in or on many plants and trees

63
Q

What is cryptococcus neoformans?

A

encapsulated yeast-like fungus

64
Q

Where does cryptococcus neoformans live?

A

In both plants and animals

65
Q

How is cryptococcus neoformans treated?

A

fluconazole

66
Q

What does LAFH stand for?

A

Laminar airflow hood

67
Q

What ISO class does a laminar airflow hood create?

A

Class 5

68
Q

What does ISO class 5 mean?

A

No more than 100 particles of 0.5 micron size or larger per cubic foot of air.

69
Q

What airflow hood is used to prepare cytotoxic, antineoplastic, and chemotherapy drugs?

A

BSC class 2

70
Q

Where is the HEPA filter in a vertical laminar airflow hood?

A

The top of the hood

71
Q

Where is a HEPA filter on a horizontal airflow hood?

A

The back of the hood

72
Q

What two parts is the clean room divided into?

A

Ante room and the buffer room

73
Q

What is the ante room?

A

Where aseptic hand washing and garbing is performed, where supplies is gatheres and labels are made.

74
Q

What is the ISO minimum requirement for the ante room?

A

ISO 8 or better

75
Q

What is the buffer room?

A

Where the LAFW or BSC are located.

76
Q

What does LAFW

A

Laminar Airflow Workbench

77
Q

What is the ISO minimum requirement for the buffer room?

A

ISO 7 or better

78
Q

What is an ampoule?

A

A small glass container which contains a single dose of a drug.

79
Q

When do you NEED to use a filter needle?

A

When putting fluid from an ampoule into a IV bag

80
Q

Can filter needles be used on one direction, or both directions?

A

One direction.

81
Q

What is the hole of the needle called?

A

The lumen

82
Q

What fluids are there universal precautions on?

A 
Blood
Semen 
Vaginal secretions 
Synovial fluid 
CSF
83
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

84
Q

What does HBV stand for?

A

Hepatitis B Virus

85
Q

What does HCV stand for?

A

Hepatitis C Virus

86
Q

What does HCP stand for?

A

Health Care Personnel

87
Q

What does PEP stand for? What is it?

A

Post Exposure Prophylaxis - Action taken after a worker has been exposed to HIV, HBV, or HCV.

88
Q

What does ISO stand for?

A

International Organization of Standardization

89
Q

What are critical sites?

A

Any location that is exposed and cal allow intrusion of microorganisms

90
Q

What volume is considered small volume parenteral?

A

A solution volume of 100mL or less. Large is 500mL and up

91
Q

What is bacteriostatic water?

A

Sterile water that contains a chemical that prevents the growth of bacteria in the vial

92
Q

What chemical is used is bacteriostatic water?

A

Benzyl alcohol

93
Q

Why is normal water not used in IVs?

A

It is too harsh on the body - will harm it

94
Q

What size should a venting needle be?

A

25G

95
Q

What does BSC stand for?!When is it used?

A

Biological Safety cabnet - Used for making chemo

96
Q

How many times can you use a needle before it is no loger usable?

A

5 pokes

97
Q

How is the PPE different for chemo preparations?

A

Double gloves, non-permeable gowns, goggles

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