Component 3: Gender Inequalities

Question 1

What are the liberal feminist explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 1

1. Women’s inequality is mainly caused by gender role socialisation
2. Liberal feminism aims to challenge and reform cultural norms and social institutions
3. Liberal feminists remain optimistic that change has and will continue to happen though problems remain

Question 2

Who argues that women’s inequality is mainly caused by gender role socialisation?

Answer 2

Oakley

Question 3

Who argues that liberal feminism aims to challenge and reform cultural norms and social institutions?

Answer 3

Betty Friedan

Question 4

What can be used as evidence for the argument liberal feminists remain optimistic that change has and will continue to happen though problems remain?

Answer 4

Sue Sharpe
Wilkinson
DfE

Question 5

What does Sue Sharpe argue?

Answer 5

That aspirations changed from marriage and children to career because they were able to go into the workplace and no longer had to be married

Question 6

What did Wilkinson argue?

Answer 6

Genderquake - shift - girls have not always received better attainment scores because it shows that society has changed

Question 7

What does DfE stats show about boys and girls

Answer 7

Average grade for boys is 5, average grade for girls is 6

Question 8

Would liberal feminists argue that women have social mobility in the contemporary UK?

Answer 8

Yes, but there is work to do to ensure that this progress continues as women are still held back in some areas

Question 9

What are the radical feminist arguments of gender inequality?

Answer 9

1. Gender inequality is caused by the fact that all parts of society are patriarchal; run by men and in the interests of men

Question 10

What can be used as evaluation for the argument gender inequality is caused by the fact that all parts of society are patriarchal; run by men and in the interests of men

Answer 10

Johnson’s patriarchal terrorism
Walklate victim surveys
Dobash and Dobash

Question 11

What are the Marxist feminist explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 11

1. Women’s role within the family meets the needs of capitalism
2. Female youth cultures socialise girls into the patriarchal values of a capitalist society

Question 12

What can be used as evidence for the argument women’s role within the family meets the needs of capitalism?

Answer 12

Benson
Bruegel
Ansley

Question 13

What does Benston argue?

Answer 13

Links women’s class position to that of their husbands. This is because their role in reproducing the next generation of workers and in socialising this next generation into accepting capitalist values, as well as in meeting their husbands emotional needs, functions to make male workers more efficient

Question 14

What does Bruegel argue?

Answer 14

Women benefit capitalism in two ways 1. They provide unpaid domestic labour in the family and 2. They are also a source of cheap labour who are easily disposed of when no longer needed (reserve army of labour)

Question 15

What does Ansley argue

Answer 15

Women act as a ‘safety valve’ and are ‘takers of shit’ as husbands return home having been exploited at work and take their frustrations and anger out on their wives. Women play a role in maintaining and ensuring the smooth running of capitalism. Radical feminists argue that this legitimises domestic abuse

Question 16

Who argues that female youth cultures socialised girls into the patriarchal values of a capitalist society

Answer 16

McRobbie and Garber

Question 17

Would Marxist feminists argue that women have social mobility in the contemporary UK?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What are the black feminism and intersectionality explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 18

1. White feminism has assumed a universal experience of patriarchy which centres on the experiences of white women, to the exclusion of others
2. Intersectionality recognises the complex interplay between different forms of social inequality including class, gender, ethnicity, religion, nationality and so on

Question 19

Who argues that white feminism has assumed a universal experience of patriarchy which centres on the experiences of white women, to the exclusion of others

Answer 19

Mirza

Question 20

Who argues that intersectionality recognises the complex interplay between different forms of social inequality including class, gender, ethnicity, religion, nationality and so on

Answer 20

Sylvia Walby

Question 21

What are the functions almost explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 21

1. Biological differences produce a gendered division of labour which contributes to the smooth running of society
2. Gender inequalities arise in the workplace because men are generally more invested in their job than women

Question 22

Who argues that biological difference produce a gendered division of labour which contributes to the smooth running of society?

Answer 22

Parsons

Question 23

Who argues that gender inequalities arise in the workplace because men are generally more invested in their job than women?

Answer 23

Hakim

Question 24

What are the new right explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 24

1. Traditional gender roles are important for the well-being if individuals and society
2. Marriage and motherhood are the most rewarding roles for women

Question 25

Who argues traditional roles are important for the well-being of individuals and society?

Answer 25

Schlafly

Question 26

Who argues that marriage and motherhood are the most rewarding roles for women?

Answer 26

Schlafly

Question 27

What are the Marxist explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 27

1. Unequal gender roles in the family supports the capitalist system
2. Women form part of the reserve army of labour

Question 28

Who argues that unequal gender roles in the family supports the capitalist system?

Answer 28

Engels

Question 29

Who argues that women form part of the reserve army of labour?

Answer 29

Bruegel

Question 30

What are the weberian explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 30

1. Women are excluded from high status groups which affects their employment progress
2. Women are in the secondary sector of the dual labour market

Question 31

Who argues that women are excluded from high status groups which affects their employment prospects?

Answer 31

Parkin

Question 32

Who argues that women are in the secondary sector of the dual labour market?

Answer 32

Barron and Norris

Question 33

What are the postmodern explanations of gender inequality?

Answer 33

1. Consumerism and the media create inequality

2. Family diversity means gender roles are no longer fixed

Question 34

Who argues consumerism and the media create inequality?

Answer 34

Lyotard

Question 35

Who argues family diversity means gender roles are no longer fixed?

Answer 35

Cheal