Component 3: Ethnic Inequalities

Question 1

What are the functionalist explanations of ethnic inequality?

Answer 1

1. Culture clash between immigrants and the host society

2. Inequalities act as an incentive for hard work

Question 2

Who argues culture clash between immigrants and the host society?

Answer 2

Patterson

Question 3

According to Patterson, what are the 3 causes of ethnic inequality?

Answer 3

1. The host culture’s dead of the cultural difference of the immigrant ‘strangers’ and the social change they would bring to society
2. The host culture’s resentment of having to compete with immigrants for scarce resources such as jobs and housing
3. The failure of immigrants to assimilate

Question 4

Who argues that inequalities act as an incentive for hard work?

Answer 4

Davis and Moore

Question 5

What does Davis and Moore suggest?

Answer 5

That living in a meritocratic society would encourage those in ethnic minority groups to join the value consensus as they would see that those who value hard work are more likely to be successful in the education system, the workplace and wider society

Question 6

Would functionalists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are the new right explanations of ethnic inequality?

Answer 7

1. Ethnic inequality are caused by a culture of poverty
2. Ethnic minorities form part of the underclass
3. Absent make role models and hegemonic masculinity

Question 8

Who argues that ethnic inequalities are caused by a culture of poverty?

Answer 8

Saunders

Question 9

Who argues that ethnic minorities for part of the underclass?

Answer 9

Murray and the Census

Question 10

Who argues that absent male role models and hegemonic masculinity?

Answer 10

Sewell

Question 11

Would the new right argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What are the Marxist and Neo Marxist explanations of ethnic inequality?

Answer 12

1. Capitalism creates racism
2. Immigrants are exploited as part of the reserve army of labour
3. Racism within social institutions

Question 13

Who argues that capitalism creates racism?

Answer 13

Cox

Question 14

Who argues that immigrants are exploited as part of the reserve army of labour?

Answer 14

Castles and Kosack

Question 15

Who argues that there is racism within social institutions?

Answer 15

Hall

Gilroy

Question 16

Would Marxists and neo Marxists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What are the Webereian explanations of ethnic inequality?

Answer 17

1. Minority ethnic groups have a lower market position
2. Ethnic minorities are concentrated in the secondary labour market
3. Minority ethnic groups are excluded from privileged positions
4. Ethnic minorities form an underclass of deprivation

Question 18

Who argues that minority ethnic groups have a lower market position?

Answer 18

Weber and ONS stats

Question 19

Who argues that ethnic minorities are concentrated in the secondary labour market?

Answer 19

Barron and Norris

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the primary labour market?

Answer 20

Working conditions are good, pay sales are higher, job security, training

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the secondary labour market?

Answer 21

Opposite to primary labour market - poor working conditions, pay scales are low, no training

Question 22

What do Barron and Norris argue?

Answer 22

That ethnic minorities tend to be concentrated in the secondary labour market because many employers subscribe to racist beliefs and practise discrimination against them, either by not employing them or by denying them responsibility and promotion

Question 23

Who argues that minority ethnic groups are excluded from privileged positions?

Answer 23

Parkin

Question 24

What does Parkin argue?

Answer 24

That minority ethnic groups are a negatively privileged group and more powerful groups use exclusions to stop them from accessing their privileges

Question 25

Who argues that ethnic minorities form an underclass of deprivation?

Answer 25

Rex and Tomlinson

Question 26

What does Rex and Tomlinson argue?

Answer 26

That the material disadvantage experienced by ethnic minorities were so great that it actually cut them off from the white working class population

Question 27

What are the black feminist explanations of ethnic inequality?

Answer 27

1. Feminism is ethnocentric

2. Black women experience multiple disadvantages

Question 28

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 28

Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic bias

Question 29

Who argues that feminism is ethnocentric?

Answer 29

Abbott

Mirza

Question 30

Who argues that black women experience multiple disadvantages and inequalities?

Answer 30

Brewer

Question 31

What does Brewer argue?

Answer 31

That black feminist theory offers an ‘understanding of race, class and gender as simultaneous forces’

Question 32

Would black feminists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?

Answer 32

No