Component 3: Ethnic Inequalities Flashcards
What are the functionalist explanations of ethnic inequality?
- Culture clash between immigrants and the host society
2. Inequalities act as an incentive for hard work
Who argues culture clash between immigrants and the host society?
Patterson
According to Patterson, what are the 3 causes of ethnic inequality?
- The host culture’s dead of the cultural difference of the immigrant ‘strangers’ and the social change they would bring to society
- The host culture’s resentment of having to compete with immigrants for scarce resources such as jobs and housing
- The failure of immigrants to assimilate
Who argues that inequalities act as an incentive for hard work?
Davis and Moore
What does Davis and Moore suggest?
That living in a meritocratic society would encourage those in ethnic minority groups to join the value consensus as they would see that those who value hard work are more likely to be successful in the education system, the workplace and wider society
Would functionalists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?
Yes
What are the new right explanations of ethnic inequality?
- Ethnic inequality are caused by a culture of poverty
- Ethnic minorities form part of the underclass
- Absent make role models and hegemonic masculinity
Who argues that ethnic inequalities are caused by a culture of poverty?
Saunders
Who argues that ethnic minorities for part of the underclass?
Murray and the Census
Who argues that absent male role models and hegemonic masculinity?
Sewell
Would the new right argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?
Yes
What are the Marxist and Neo Marxist explanations of ethnic inequality?
- Capitalism creates racism
- Immigrants are exploited as part of the reserve army of labour
- Racism within social institutions
Who argues that capitalism creates racism?
Cox
Who argues that immigrants are exploited as part of the reserve army of labour?
Castles and Kosack
Who argues that there is racism within social institutions?
Hall
Gilroy
Would Marxists and neo Marxists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?
No
What are the Webereian explanations of ethnic inequality?
- Minority ethnic groups have a lower market position
- Ethnic minorities are concentrated in the secondary labour market
- Minority ethnic groups are excluded from privileged positions
- Ethnic minorities form an underclass of deprivation
Who argues that minority ethnic groups have a lower market position?
Weber and ONS stats
Who argues that ethnic minorities are concentrated in the secondary labour market?
Barron and Norris
What are the characteristics of the primary labour market?
Working conditions are good, pay sales are higher, job security, training
What are the characteristics of the secondary labour market?
Opposite to primary labour market - poor working conditions, pay scales are low, no training
What do Barron and Norris argue?
That ethnic minorities tend to be concentrated in the secondary labour market because many employers subscribe to racist beliefs and practise discrimination against them, either by not employing them or by denying them responsibility and promotion
Who argues that minority ethnic groups are excluded from privileged positions?
Parkin
What does Parkin argue?
That minority ethnic groups are a negatively privileged group and more powerful groups use exclusions to stop them from accessing their privileges
Who argues that ethnic minorities form an underclass of deprivation?
Rex and Tomlinson
What does Rex and Tomlinson argue?
That the material disadvantage experienced by ethnic minorities were so great that it actually cut them off from the white working class population
What are the black feminist explanations of ethnic inequality?
- Feminism is ethnocentric
2. Black women experience multiple disadvantages
What is ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic bias
Who argues that feminism is ethnocentric?
Abbott
Mirza
Who argues that black women experience multiple disadvantages and inequalities?
Brewer
What does Brewer argue?
That black feminist theory offers an ‘understanding of race, class and gender as simultaneous forces’
Would black feminists argue that there is social mobility for minority ethnic groups in the contemporary UK?
No
