Complex Sounds

Question 1

most sounds are not pure tones, but rather a set of _________

Answer 1

harmonics

Question 2

fundamental frequency is also perceived ______

Answer 2

pitch

Question 3

spacing of additional frequencies that makes timbre is tied to the _______ _____ ________

Answer 3

lowest common denominator

Question 4

if you are missing the fundamental frequency/lowest frequency in a harmonic, will you still be able to hear the same note? what is this called?

Answer 4

yes! missing fundamental effect

Question 5

missing fundamental effect

Answer 5

if there are multiple harmonics spaced equally apart, you brain interprets that lowest common denominator (the spacing) and perceives pitch, even if that fundamental frequency is gone

harmonics will create a peak at the fundamental frequency still

Question 6

attack and decay of sounds

Answer 6

attack - the start, how a sound ramps up in amplitude

decay - how a sound dies back out and decreases in amplitude

Question 7

what 3 things come together to help us parse the multitude of sounds around us?

Answer 7

localization, timbre/harmonics, and attack/decay

Question 8

auditory scene analysis

Answer 8

wherein we parse multiple sound sources into separate sound “images”

Question 9

auditory stream segregation (what three things impact this?)

Answer 9

one source can make many sounds; frequency, spacing and attack/decay

Question 10

frequency, timing or the rising/falling pattern causes tones to …

Answer 10

“pop out”

Question 11

heuristic of common fate

Answer 11

like continuation, assumption that sounds that start together are from the same thing, groups harmonics into single complex tone

Question 12

we are not great at recognizing distinct sounds when played at the same time just once, but if you keep hearing a unique tone paired with changing tones, you can learn …

Answer 12

to segregate it

Question 13

sound restoration

Answer 13

similar to continuation in vision, leave empty space = probably hear gap but if you fill with sound = make base tone sound continuous

if masked, brain assumes the sound continues

Question 14

attention can serve to enhance … and inhibit …

Answer 14

attended information; to-be-ignored information

Question 15

a brand new, sudden sound will often cause an _____ ______ ______, where you …

Answer 15

acoustic startle reflex; make a somewhat automatic motor response

depends on context/emotion; more likely to be startled in a scary movie than in a comedy

Question 16

inattentional deafness

Answer 16

fully-audible stimuli are missed due to allocating attention to another sound stream

Question 17

cocktail party effect

Answer 17

ability to attend to a single speaker in a crowded noisy environment

Question 18

dichotic listening

Answer 18

playing separate streams of information to each ear (similar to dichotic viewing)

headphones are the perfect example!

Question 19

for dichotic listening, the listener _____ what they hear in a particular ear

Answer 19

shadows, or repeats

Question 20

if told to attend to one channel of information in one ear and ignore the other ear, participants report …

Answer 20

almost none of the message or even language change in the unattended ear (no meaningful information)

Question 21

what is something that gets through dichotic listening?

Answer 21

your name!

Question 22

if hearing a stream switches between ears, will actually …

Answer 22

continue with that stream without realizing it

Question 23

does the unattended channel of sound get processed?

Answer 23

yes, but much weaker

Question 24

in hemineglect patients, when multiple sounds are played, the left side is often …

Answer 24

neglected

Question 25

music is not just sound, but _____

Answer 25

emotion

Question 26

octaves

Answer 26

notes that have a 2:1 frequency ration

Question 27

tone height

Answer 27

how high or low pitch a tone is, frequency based/octave levels

Question 28

tone chroma

Answer 28

a sound quality shared by tones in the same octave interval (similar to hue of color)

Question 29

every musical note has its own chroma, can be visualized in a …

Answer 29

musical helix

Question 30

most musical instruments produce notes below … why?

Answer 30

4000 Hz; we have a hard time perceiving octave relationships beyond 5000 Hz

Question 31

chords

Answer 31

combine 3 or more notes

Question 32

consonant vs. dissonant chords

Answer 32

c - chords with simple ratios of note frequencies

d- chords with less elegant ratios of note frequencies

Question 33

melody

Answer 33

sequence of notes/chords with a coherent structure

less about exact sequence of pitches but its contour

Question 34

contour

Answer 34

the rises and declines of pitch over time

Question 35

tempo

Answer 35

speed of melody/playing

tempo changes overall speed but relative length of notes maintained

Question 36

This auditory phenomenon is similar to the Gestalt heuristic of continuation, where the brain fills in a missing sound if it is obscured by noise.

a. restoration
b. stream segregation
c. grouping by onset
d. dichotic listening

Answer 36

restoration

Question 37

Kyle is doing a dichotic listening task. He is attending to his left ear. Given what is presented to each ear, what do you think he will say while shadowing?

Left: one two three four five there are a few ways we can learn

Right: human speech is very important six seven eight nine ten

a. one two three four five there are a few wats we can learn
b. human speech is very important six seven eight nine ten
c. one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
d. human speech is very important there are a few ways we can learn

Answer 37

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

Question 38

Which of the following are true about a D2 and a D3 note?

a. they have different tone height and different chroma
b. they have the same tone height and same chroma
c. they have the same tone height but different chroma
d. they have the same tone chroma but different height

Answer 38

d. they have the same tone chroma but different height