compendium 9 Flashcards
spinal nerves
Cervical: 8 pairs of spinal nerves, 7 bones
Thoracic: 12 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 bones
Lumbar: 5 pairs of spinal nerves, 5 bones
Sacral: 5 pairs of spinal nerves, 5 bones
Coccygeal: 1 pair, 5 fused = 1 bone
nerve coverings
3 layers
Endoneurium - surrounds each axon
Perineurium - surrounds a fascicle
Epineurium - surrounds several fascicles
cranial nerves
Cranial nerves
12 pairs
9 pairs connected to the brain stem
regions of the brain
forebrain
hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
cerebrum:
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Occipital lobe
4. Temporal lobe
Diencephalon: grey matter
thalamus
Hypothalamus
sub thalamus
epithalamus
frontal lobe
motor function, motivation, sense of smell, personality
parietal lobe
receives and evaluates sensory info
occipital lobe
receives and integrates visual input
temporal lobe
hearing and memory
thalamus
regulating moods, fear, rage
Hypothalamus
muscle control, body temp, emotions, food and water intake, sexual development and behaviour
Midbrain
hearing, muscle tone
Hindbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
sleep and respiratory centre
Medulla oblongata
center for autonomic reflexes, maintain homeostasis
cerebellum
locomotion, posture, balance, eye movement
Brain stem
midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Gyri
elevated tissue or fold
Sulci
grooves
Fissures
deep grooves
What advantage do convolutions give the cerebrum
Increase the surface area for grey matter increasing brain function
Grey matter
cell body, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuroglia
CNS = cortex of brain and nuclei
PNS = ganglion
Brain = outer cortex
Spinal cord = inner
White matter
myelinated axons
CNS = nerve tracts
PNS = nerves
Brain = deeper
Spinal cord = outer
Cerebrospinal fluid
fluid found around brain and spinal cord
Protects them from trauma
Allows brain to float in cranial cavity, reducing the weight and pressure
Provides some nutrients to CNS fluid
meninges function
Protection
Contains cerebrospinal fluid
Forms partitions inside the skull
layers of the meninges
3 layers
Dura mater
outer
Strongest and thickest
2. Arachnoid mater
thin
3. Pia mater
- bound tightly to the surface of the brain
Dorsal root
sensory
Ventral root
motor
Are the spinal cord and the vertebral column the same length
No. They start off the same but as an individual grows the vertebral bones get bigger but the spinal cord does not. By the time the bones stop growing, the end of the spinal cord is approximately the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae
Longitudinal fissure
left and right hemispheres
Lateral fissures / sulcus
temporal from parietal and frontal lobes
Central sulcus
frontal and parietal lobes
Pre-central gyrus
frontal
Post-central gyrus
parietal