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HUMB1000 > 4. respiratory system > Flashcards

4. respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of respiratory system

A
  • respiration
  • blood ph regulation
  • sound production
  • olfaction
  • protection
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2
Q

nasal cavity

A

passageway for air
- hair filters particles
- mucus traps dust

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3
Q

pharynx

A

throat, passage for food and air
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharnyx

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4
Q

larynx

A

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

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5
Q

trachea

A

windpipe
Cleansing of air breathed in
Facilitate ease of peristaltic movement in esophagus
Keep airway open

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6
Q

bronchial tree

A

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

lungs

A

located in thoracic cavity
Heart is located on the left side which decreases the size of the left lung
The right lung appears shorter due to the presence of the liver
- right lung has three lobes and separated by 2 fissures, 1 primary bronchi and 3 secondary bronchi
- left lung has 2 lobes and separated by 1 fissure, 1 primary bronchi and 2 secondary bronchi

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8
Q

characteristics of respiratory membrane

A

thickness - thin membrane increase rate of movement of gases
surface area - high surface area increased volume of gas exchange
diffusion coefficient - how easily a gas can diffuse in and out
partial pressure - pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases
moist membranes - gases dissolve in the fluid helping them to diffuse

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9
Q

O2 transport

A
  • travels in the blood haemoglobin
    from alveoli to blood
    from blood to tissue
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10
Q

CO2 transport

A

bound to haemoglobin
- form blood to alveoli
- from tissues to blood

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11
Q

external respiration

A
  • gas exchange between alveolar air spaces and alveolar capillaries
  • gases move from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure
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12
Q

internal respiration

A

as exchange between tissue capillaries and tissues across capillary walls
- gases move from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure

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13
Q

pleura

A

Lung is encased in the pleura which consists of a parietal layer and visceral layer
Parietal layer lines the thoracic wall and the visceral layer lines the surface of the lungs
Two layers are separated by pleural fluid
Pleural fluid has 2 functions
Acts as a lubricant allowing the parietal and visceral pleura to slide past each other as the lungs and thoracic wall move
Helps hold the parietal and visceral pleura together

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14
Q

Quiet breathing

A

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

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15
Q

active breathing

A

expiratory muscles become active and are stimulated to contract

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16
Q

movement of air into lungs

A

Nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchus - secondary bronchus - tertiary bronchus - bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveoli

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17
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

volume of air available for gas exchange per minute

18
Q

Tidal volume

A

he amount of air inspired or expired with each breath

19
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of tidal volume

20
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of tidal volume

21
Q

Residual volume

A

the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration

22
Q

Pulmonary capacities

A

the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes

23
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

the amount of air a person can inspire and maximally after normal expiration (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume)

24
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (expiratory reserve volume + residual volume)

25
Q

Vital capacity

A

the maximum volume of air that can be expelled form the respiratory tract after maximum inspiration

26
Q

Total lung capacity

A

inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume

27
Q

Respiratory rate

A

number of breaths taken per minute

28
Q

Minute ventilation

A

total amount of air moved into and out of the respiratory system each minute

29
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

space formed by nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

30
Q

Forced vital capacity

A

maximal volume of air that can be forcefully expired as fast as possible after a deep breath in

31
Q

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

A

the volume of air expired in the first second of the test

32
Q

Why would your lungs collapse if you were stabbed in the chest?

A

Stabbing puts pressure into the intrapleural space from the lungs causing the lungs to collapse due to intrapleural pressure increasing more then the intra alveolar pressure

33
Q

Why do we breathe faster during and after exercise?

A

During exercise we require more energy, oxygen and need more waste to be removed
After exercise we have created an oxygen debt and need to repay the oxygen back, extra oxygen is required to metabolise lactic acid and replenish ATP

34
Q

Dynamic lung function

A

lung volume measured in relation to time
Dependent on rate of flow of air
Usually determined during repetitive breathing
Essential for diagnosis of obstructive lung disease

35
Q

Static lung function

A

independent of rate of air flow
Determined during one maximal inspiration and or expiration

36
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

process or moving air into and out of the lungs

37
Q

Boyles law

A

as volume increases pressure decreases

38
Q

What are the roles of the conchae and meatus

A

To increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, create more turbulent air flow and increase the likelihood that air will come into contact with the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity

39
Q

How does the nasal cavity warm and humidify air

A

As air passes over the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity the mucous produced increases the moisture of air. The air is warmed to body temp by the capillaries close to the surface in the nose which carry warm blood

40
Q

Conductive respiratory parts

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

41
Q

Respiratory parts

A
  • respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

HUMB1000 (12 decks)

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